Entry of the Crusaders in Constantinople, 1840, oil on canvas. Musée du Louvre; INV 3821 / LP 4674. Photographed after the 2025–26 restoration. Buy Art Prints Now
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Tom Gurney BSc (Hons) is an art history expert with over 20 years experience
Published on June 19, 2020 / Updated on October 30, 2026
Email: tomgurney1@gmail.com / Phone: +44 7429 011000

Entry of the Crusaders in Constantinople: Introduction

The conquerors occupy the centre of Eugène Delacroix’s Entry of the Crusaders in Constantinople, yet they do not command our attention without resistance. Their helmets, plumes and standards rise above a mass of people whose bodies bend towards the ground. An elderly man stretches an open hand towards a mounted leader; a prisoner is pressed against a horse; two women form a collapsed group beside its feet. The men on horseback have acquired the city, but the painting gives the consequences of that possession an insistent physical presence.

Painted in 1840, this immense oil on canvas measures 411 × 497 cm. It is the Louvre’s principal version, inventory INV 3821, also recorded under the royal collection number LP 4674. Its French title, Prise de Constantinople par les croisés (12 avril 1204), makes the violence more explicit than the familiar English title: this is the taking of a city, as well as an entry into it. Delacroix places the victorious procession within a scene of dispossession.[1]

At a Glance

  • Date1840; Salon of 1841 [1]
  • MediumOil on canvas [1]
  • Dimensions411 × 497 cm [1]
  • Collection / recordMusée du Louvre; INV 3821 / LP 4674 [1]

This work across Eugène Delacroix’s career

Contents

  1. A Christian capital under attack
  2. Height, rank and the broken foreground
  3. The women beside the procession
  4. A city opening behind the captives
  5. A royal commission and a disputed splendour
  6. What the 2026 restoration revealed
  7. Annotated details

A Christian capital under attack

The date matters. Delacroix’s subject is the capture of Constantinople during the Fourth Crusade in 1204, rather than its conquest by the Ottomans in 1453. Here western Christian forces have attacked the capital of the eastern Christian Byzantine Empire. According to the Louvre’s account, the expedition had departed Venice in 1202 for the Near East, then changed direction through political and financial disputes. A campaign originally directed towards the Holy Land culminated in the seizure and sack of another Christian capital.[1]

That history gives particular force to the incident at the far left. Between the tall columns, a bearded priest raises one hand while a soldier confronts him. The Louvre identifies his stole, decorated with Greek crosses, and describes his expulsion from a church. The architecture provides a grand setting for the arrival of the crusaders, but within that setting a religious figure is being driven from a sacred building. The scene prevents the word “crusade” from providing an uncomplicated explanation of who possesses religious authority.

The Salon catalogue of 1841, excerpted in the Louvre’s collection record, supplied a narrative for the procession. Baldwin, Count of Flanders, had commanded the French attacking from the land, while Doge Dandolo led the Venetians approaching through the harbour. The leaders now pass through the city as families appeal for mercy. This establishes the historical framework; it does not establish a secure portrait identity for every helmeted rider. The Louvre specifically identifies Baldwin by the golden lion crest on his helmet and the bay horse beneath him.[1]

Delacroix has chosen a moment in which organised resistance no longer structures the foreground. Weapons and standards lie among the horse’s hooves. The decisive encounters are between people who can continue riding and people who must beg them to stop. That shift from combat to its aftermath makes the unequal distribution of power visible in individual gestures.

Height, rank and the broken foreground

The left-hand columns and the upright shafts of the standards give the composition a strong vertical structure. The columns are massive, permanent forms; the narrower poles carry that upward movement across the sky. Helmets and crests occupy the space between. Their varied silhouettes distinguish the riders while gathering them into a single elevated group. Below, the paving is interrupted by kneeling figures, trailing cloth, abandoned equipment and bodies that cannot stand.

Baldwin’s position depends on more than being near the middle. His light and dark bands of clothing, bright armour and reddish cloak separate him from the surrounding figures, while his horse occupies a broad central area. His gloved hand holds the reins. Against this controlled arrangement, the old man’s bare, upturned palm appears exposed. He cannot meet the rider at eye level: his appeal must travel upwards across the intervening horse and its equipment.

The old man’s red cloak draws the eye towards him, but its richness offers no protection. Patterned sleeves, white beard and costly-looking fabric distinguish him from an anonymous battlefield casualty. The Louvre describes him as a wealthy inhabitant pleading for his daughter and a small boy. A woman crouches across the space before him, and the child’s face appears within the crowded group.[1] Their overlap makes the family difficult to separate into orderly individual figures. They are held together by proximity and need, in contrast to the more clearly displayed ranks of the mounted men.

On the opposite side of the bay horse, a bare-chested captive leans back with his arms constrained behind him. The Louvre identifies his hands as bound.[1] His torso is exposed beside the protective clothing and equipment of the victors. The narrow space available to him makes captivity a bodily condition: he is squeezed into the procession, close enough to the animal to be vulnerable to its movement, without sharing the rider’s control over it.

The faces above do not yield a single, certain emotion. Shadows, helmets and differing angles make some harder to read than the faces below. It would be too simple to assign guilt to all of them. What the painting shows more securely is a failure of reciprocal gesture. The old man’s raised hand remains suspended in appeal; no equally emphatic answering movement resolves the encounter. The riders’ height persists while the foreground figures continue to reach, kneel or fall.

The women beside the procession

At lower right, the relationship between two women provides a different kind of action. A blonde woman bends over a companion whose head and body have fallen back. Her bare back catches the light; her arms reach down around the other woman’s face and shoulders. The Louvre describes the blue-clad figure as dying.[1] Here support is immediate and physical. One person tries to hold another while the mounted procession occupies the space directly above them.

The blue cloak, pale flesh, loose hair and gathered fabric make this group visually prominent. Its beauty is unsettling because it gives sustained attention to bodies at their most vulnerable. The women attract the eye through colour and bodily form, while their posture and the slack weight of the lower figure make pleasurable looking uncomfortable.

At the far left, another woman lies motionless on the steps. An open chest rests on the paving nearby. These details bring the invasion down to the scale of a violated home and displaced possessions. The Louvre interprets the unconscious woman as a victim of rape and the opened chest as evidence of plunder.[1] That identification belongs to the museum’s account; the visible scene itself gives us a fallen body, disordered clothing and a container left open. The painting’s violence need not be enlarged with imagined wounds or an invented sequence of assault.

The two sides of the foreground do not repeat the same emotional note. On the left, the old man still presses his case and the priest still raises a hand. On the right, the effort has contracted to supporting someone who is dying. Between them, the lowered horse’s head draws attention towards the ground. These different movements slow the apparent progress of the entry: the eye repeatedly descends from the leaders to the people beneath them.

Explore Delacroix on video

An artist overview and a closer look at Liberty Leading the People.

A city opening behind the captives

Beyond the crowded foreground, the view opens across pale buildings, walls, water and distant hills. The elevated viewpoint allows the city to spread out beneath the skyline. A column blocks part of the blue water, so that the distance is glimpsed through the architecture as well as beyond the riders. The painting holds together two very different experiences of space: the compressed paving where bodies obstruct one another, and the expansive cityscape where the eye can travel freely.

That freedom is disturbed by smoke. Grey plumes rise at several points among the buildings and along the waterfront. The Louvre associates them with fires in houses, religious buildings and boats.[1] The destruction therefore extends well beyond the small number of people at the front. The kneeling families offer an immediate encounter with suffering, while the distant fires suggest its reach across the captured capital.

The blues of sky and water do not provide a wholly peaceful alternative to the foreground. They carry the eye towards the very places where smoke is rising. At the right, walls and clustered buildings lead towards another mass of figures; at the left, architecture and water remain partly concealed. The city’s breadth enlarges the event without making its consequences fully surveyable. Delacroix gives the victors a commanding view, but he gives the spectator reasons to examine what that command has cost.

A royal commission and a disputed splendour

The painting was commissioned on 30 April 1838 for the fifth room of the Crusades galleries at Louis-Philippe’s Versailles. Work on the canvas began in Paris in March 1840. Delacroix received assistance from Louis Boulangé with the perspective and architectural decoration, a documented contribution particularly relevant to the imposing structure at the left. The work appeared as number 509 at the Salon of 1841 before being transported to Versailles in June that year.[1]

Its ceremonial scale and destination help explain the tension between the grand procession and the damaged foreground. There is ample splendour here for a royal historical gallery: elaborate armour, richly coloured clothing, monumental columns and a panoramic capital. Yet the painting makes humiliation and dependency occupy the nearest space. Its grandeur does not remove those encounters; it surrounds and intensifies them.

The reception of its colour was more complicated than a division between admiration and dislike. The 2018 Delacroix catalogue reports Théophile Gautier’s response to criticism that the painting resembled a Gobelins tapestry. Gautier accepted something of the comparison but defended the ornamental character as appropriate to a ceremonial painting intended for a gallery. This was an argument about how painted splendour should work in its setting, as well as about the appearance of the colour.[8]

The tapestry comparison remains suggestive when looking at the picture. Broad areas of red, blue and gold establish a sumptuous pattern across the canvas. But the narrative keeps breaking into that pattern: the old man’s hand, the captive’s constrained shoulders and the dying woman’s face require us to see particular actions within the arrangement of coloured forms. The very fabrics that enrich the surface also clothe people whose security has collapsed.

The same catalogue places the work alongside Delacroix’s two other submissions to the 1841 Salon: The Shipwreck of Don Juan and Jewish Wedding in Morocco. Their subjects ranged from medieval history to literary disaster and a Moroccan ceremony.[8] The Crusaders thus belongs within a period of varied, simultaneous interests. Its attention to vulnerable people does not amount to an abandonment of history painting; it changes what a monumental historical subject asks us to notice.

After appearing at the Exposition universelle of 1855, the canvas returned to Versailles in 1856. Its eventual transfer to the Louvre involved a distinction between decision and arrival. The museum’s restoration account dates the administrative decision to 1881; the collection record dates the permanent transfer and presentation at the Louvre to 1885.[1][9] These stages trace the passage of an imposing commission for a particular royal setting into a collection where its individual artistic importance became the principal reason for its display.

What the 2026 restoration revealed

The restoration carried out between May 2025 and April 2026 changed both the condition of the canvas and the evidence available for understanding it. Mathilde Dillmann’s Louvre account describes work to retension the canvas on its revised stretcher, remove altered varnishes and materials from earlier interventions, fill small losses and apply a new transparent varnish. The frame was also restored. This was treatment of the physical painting, including the removal of yellowed coatings that had darkened its appearance.[9]

The museum reports that cleaning brought renewed clarity to the women’s colours and to the distance. Its account describes flochetage: the interplay of small touches of different tones in the rendering of flesh, including blues, mauves, pinks, oranges, pale greens and warm greys. This description helps explain why a luminous body need not be painted as a single pale colour. Variations within the flesh can give it vitality even when the figure is exhausted or dying.[9]

The restored painting’s overall image allows the broad relationship to be appreciated: pale bodies and bright fabrics assert themselves against the darker mounted group, while cooler expanses carry the eye towards the bay. Dillmann also relates the distant white buildings, green hills and turquoise water to Delacroix’s watercolours of the Moroccan coast from 1832.[9] This is a comparison of pictorial effects, rather than a reason to treat the city as a literal record of Constantinople. The distance works through colour and spacing, opening out behind a foreground where movement is painfully restricted.

Scientific imaging supplied a more specific discovery. According to the Louvre’s report, Delacroix initially painted a dead soldier in the foreground beneath the horse, then covered him with standards.[9] The corpse belongs to an earlier state of the composition. It is not an exposed body that a viewer can simply identify among the objects in the finished scene. The discovery nevertheless changes how the horse’s lowered head and the discarded military equipment can be understood together: an area now occupied by the remnants of battle once contained one of its dead.

The Louvre interprets the animal’s outward-looking eye and lowered head as a terrified, compassionate response, contrasting it with the victors’ lack of compassion.[9] This gives the horse a strong moral role, but it remains an interpretation. The imaging establishes the painted-out soldier; it cannot establish an animal’s emotion or tell us exactly why Delacroix concealed the body. In the visible painting, the horse’s bent neck and lowered muzzle interrupt the elevated posture of its rider and bring attention back to the vulnerable space below.

The restoration connects the painting’s colour to its distribution of attention and reveals a revision in the ground beneath its central figure. The riders still possess height, equipment and the ability to proceed. Around them, hands reach up, bodies press together and one woman struggles to support another. Across the breadth of this royal history painting, authority remains splendidly visible; mercy remains an unanswered demand.

Annotated Details from Entry of the Crusaders in Constantinople

The numbered points identify visible features discussed in this article. Return from each detail to the whole composition. Entry of the Crusaders in Constantinople, 1840, oil on canvas. Musée du Louvre; INV 3821 / LP 4674. Photographed after the 2025–26 restoration. Shonagon, faithful reproduction via Wikimedia Commons. Image source. Public domain. Numbers added to a separate resized overview; detail images are crops of the source reproduction. No colour or perspective changes.

Annotated details from Entry of the Crusaders in Constantinople by Eugène Delacroix

Details from ENTRY OF THE CRUSADERS IN CONSTANTINOPLE

Compare each detail with its position in the complete painting.

1

A priest displaced from the steps

A raised hand meets the pressure of a soldier between the columns. Below them, the fallen woman and open chest bring the invasion into the space of a violated household.

A priest displaced from the steps detail from Entry of the Crusaders in Constantinople by Eugène Delacroix
2

An open palm reaches towards the rider

The older man raises a bare palm towards the mounted leader. Family members crouch around him, while the rider retains the height supplied by his horse.

An open palm reaches towards the rider detail from Entry of the Crusaders in Constantinople by Eugène Delacroix
3

A captive beside the horse

The exposed torso is pressed close to the animal, with the arms constrained behind. The narrow interval makes captivity a physical condition within the procession.

A captive beside the horse detail from Entry of the Crusaders in Constantinople by Eugène Delacroix
4

One woman supports another

The blonde woman bends over her companion’s face and shoulders. Their low, close contact provides an immediate action beneath the riders.

One woman supports another detail from Entry of the Crusaders in Constantinople by Eugène Delacroix
5

The city spreads beyond the captives

White buildings and blue water extend behind the mounted group. Rising smoke disturbs the apparent openness of this distant view.

The city spreads beyond the captives detail from Entry of the Crusaders in Constantinople by Eugène Delacroix

Artworks directory

Selected documented works by or associated with Eugène Delacroix, with dates, media and collection records distinguished. This is a growing research directory, not a complete catalogue. An unspecified medium appears under All media.

221 records

NameDateMedium
Male Academy Figure: Half‑Length, Side Viewc. 1818–20Oil painting Catalogue.
Female Academy Figure: Seated, Front View (Mademoiselle Rose)c. 1820–23Oil painting Catalogue.
Two Bearded Heads, after Veronese (detail from “The Marriage at Cana”)1820Oil painting Catalogue.
Self‑Portrait as Ravenswoodc.1821Oil painting Catalogue.
Nereid, after Rubens, detail from “The Landing of Maria de Medici at Marseilles”c. 1822Oil painting Catalogue.
Studies of a Damned Man, for “The Barque of Dante”1822Drawing Catalogue.
Head of an Old Greek Woman1824Oil painting Catalogue.
Tasso in the Hospital of St. Anna, Ferrara1824Oil painting Catalogue.
Turk Mounting His Horse1824Aquatint Catalogue.
Portrait of AspasieAbout 1824Oil painting Catalogue.
Sketch after Goya’s “Caprichos”c. 1822–24Drawing Catalogue.
Study of Babouchesc. 1823–24Oil painting Catalogue.
Thales Fielding (1793–1837)c. 1824–25Oil painting Catalogue.
Studies of Bindings, an Oriental Jacket, and Figures after Goyac. 1822–26Oil painting Catalogue.
Study of an Oriental Vestc. 1822–26Drawing Catalogue.
Study of Greek Costumesc. 1823–26Drawing Catalogue.
Christ in the Garden of Olives (The Agony in the Garden)1824–26Oil painting Catalogue.
Reclining Female Nude: Back Viewc. 1824–26Oil painting Catalogue.
Macbeth Consulting the Witches1825Lithograph Catalogue.
Studies of Seven Greek Coins1825Lithograph Catalogue.
Studies of Twelve Greek and Roman Coins1825Lithograph Catalogue.
Mortally Wounded Brigand Quenches His Thirstc.1825Oil painting Catalogue.
Charles VI and Odette de ChampdiversAbout 1825Oil painting Catalogue.
The Duke of Orléans Showing His LoverAbout 1825–26Oil painting Catalogue.
Count Demetrius de Palatiano (1794–1849) in Suliot Costumec. 1825–26Oil painting Catalogue.
Greece on the Ruins of Missolonghi1826Oil painting Catalogue.
Combat of the Giaour and Hassan1826Oil painting Catalogue.
Justinian Drafting His Laws, sketch1826Oil painting Catalogue.
Baron Schwiter (Louis Auguste Schwiter, 1805–1889)1826Lithograph Catalogue.
Louis Auguste Schwiter (1805–1889)1826–30Oil painting Catalogue.
Death of Sardanapalus, sketch1826–27Oil painting Catalogue.
A Lady and Her Valetc. 1826–29Oil painting Catalogue.
Woman with a Parrot1827Oil painting Catalogue.
Seated Turk (possibly Paul Barroilhet, 1805–1871)c. 1827–30Oil painting Catalogue.
A Greek and a Turk in an Interiorlate 1820sWatercolour Catalogue.
Faust (illustrated book)1828Illustrated book Catalogue.
Mephistopheles Flying over the City (Study for “Faust,” plate 1)c. 1825–27Drawing Catalogue.
Faust, plate 1: Mephistopheles Aloft1826/27Lithograph Catalogue.
Faust, plate 2: Faust in His Study1826/27Lithograph Catalogue.
Faust, plate 3: Faust and Wagner1826/27Lithograph Catalogue.
Faust, plate 4: Faust, Wagner, and the Poodle1826/27Lithograph Catalogue.
Faust, plate 5: Mephistopheles Appearing to Faust1826/27Lithograph Catalogue.
Faust, plate 6: Mephistopheles Receiving the Student1826/27Lithograph Catalogue.
Faust and Mephistopheles in the Tavern (Study for “Faust,” plate 7)1825/26Drawing Catalogue.
Faust, plate 7: Mephistopheles in Auerbach’s Tavern1826Lithograph Catalogue.
Faust, Marguerite, and Mephistopheles in the Street (Study for “Faust,” plate 8)c. 1825–27Drawing Catalogue.
Faust, plate 8: Faust Trying to Seduce Marguerite1826/27Lithograph Catalogue.
Faust, plate 9: Mephistopheles Introduces Himself at Martha’s House1827Lithograph Catalogue.
Faust, plate 10: Marguerite at the Spinning Wheel1826/27Lithograph Catalogue.
Faust, plate 11: Duel between Faust and Valentin1826/27Lithograph Catalogue.
Faust, plate 12: Mephistopheles and Faust Fleeing after the Duel1826/27Lithograph Catalogue.
Faust, plate 13: Marguerite in Church1826/27Lithograph Catalogue.
Faust, plate 14: Faust and Mephistopheles in the Harz Mountains1826/27Lithograph Catalogue.
Faust, plate 15: Marguerite’s Ghost Appearing to Faust1826/27Lithograph Catalogue.
Faust, plate 16: Faust and Mephistopheles Galloping on Walpurgis Night1826Lithograph Catalogue.
Faust, plate 17: Faust with Marguerite in Prison1826/27Lithograph Catalogue.
Wild Horse Felled by a Tiger1828Lithograph Catalogue.
Wild Horse Felled by a Tiger1828Watercolour Catalogue.
Wild Horse1828Lithograph Catalogue.
Studies of a Lion (Tours sketchbook)12 February 1824 or 1829Drawing Catalogue.
Sketches of Tigers and Men in Sixteenth‑Century Costumec. 1828–29Watercolour Catalogue.
Nineteen Studies of Heads and Skulls of Lionsc. 1828–30Drawing Catalogue.
Tiger Lying at the Entrance of Its Lairc. 1828–30Etching Catalogue.
The Murder of the Bishop of Liège1829Oil painting Catalogue.
Royal Tiger1829Lithograph Catalogue.
Lion of the Atlas Mountains1829–30Lithograph Catalogue.
Young Tiger Playing with Its Mother (Study of Two Tigers)1830Oil painting Catalogue.
The Battle of Poitiers1830Oil painting Catalogue.
The Battle of Nancy and the Death of Charles the Bold, Duke of Burgundy, January 5, 14771831Oil painting Catalogue.
Boissy d’Anglas at the Convention, sketch1831Oil painting Catalogue.
Interior of a Dominican Convent in Madrid (L’Amende Honorable)1831Oil painting Catalogue.
Jewish Woman of Tangier1832Drawing Catalogue.
Portrait of Schmareck, Tanner at Tangier1832Watercolour Catalogue.
Standing Moroccan1832Watercolour Catalogue.
A Man of Tangier1832Watercolour Catalogue.
Saada, the Wife of Abraham Ben‑Chimol, and Préciada, One of Their Daughters1832Watercolour Catalogue.
Street in Meknes1832Oil painting Catalogue.
Moroccan Military Exercises1832Oil painting Catalogue.
Arab Cavalry Practicing a Charge (Fantaisie Arabe)1833Oil painting Catalogue.
A Blacksmith1833Aquatint Catalogue.
Collision of Arab Horsemen1833/34Oil painting Catalogue.
Figure Study for “The Women of Algiers”1833/34Watercolour Catalogue.
Women of Algiers in Their Apartment1834Oil painting Catalogue.
The Natchez1823–24 and 1835Oil painting Catalogue.
Christ on the Cross1835Oil painting Catalogue.
Hamlet and Horatio in the Graveyard1835Oil painting Catalogue.
Combat of the Giaour and Hassan1835Oil painting Catalogue.
Léon Riesener (1808–1878)1835Oil painting Catalogue.
Madame Henri François Riesener (Félicité Longrois, 1786–1847)1835Oil painting Catalogue.
Saint Sebastian Tended by the Holy Women1836Oil painting Catalogue.
Medea About to Kill Her Children, sketchc. 1836Oil painting Catalogue.
Moroccan Chieftain Receiving Tribute1837Oil painting Catalogue.
Self‑Portrait in a Green Vestc. 1837Oil painting Catalogue.
Medea About to Kill Her Children (Medée furieuse)1838Oil painting Catalogue.
Cleopatra and the Peasant1838Oil painting Catalogue.
Hamlet and Horatio in the Graveyard1839Oil painting Catalogue.
Startled Arabian Horse in a Landscapec. 1835–40Watercolour Catalogue.
The Shipwreck of Don Juan1840Oil painting Catalogue.
Christ on the Lake of Genesareth (Portland version)c. 1853Oil painting Catalogue.
Pietà, first sketchby 1843Oil painting Catalogue.
Pietà, second sketchby 1843Oil painting Catalogue.
Christ on the Cross, sketch1845Oil painting Catalogue.
Christ on the Cross1846Oil painting Catalogue.
Death of Sardanapalus (Philadelphia replica)1844 / 1845–46Oil painting Catalogue.
The Abduction of Rebecca1846Oil painting Catalogue.
The Lamentation (Christ at the Tomb)1847–48Oil painting Catalogue.
Arab Players1848Oil painting Catalogue.
Arch of Morning Glories, study for “Basket of Flowers”1848/49Pastel Catalogue.
Basket of Flowers1848–49Oil painting Catalogue.
Basket of Flowers and Fruit1849Oil painting Catalogue.
Basket of Flowersc. 1848–50Oil painting Catalogue.
Christ at the Columnprobably 1849Oil painting Catalogue.
Landscape at Champrosaypossibly 1849Oil painting Catalogue.
Michelangelo in His StudioAbout1849–50Oil painting Catalogue.
View in the Forest of Sénartc. 1849–50Oil painting Catalogue.
Forest View with an Oak Treec. 1849–50Watercolour Catalogue.
The Triumph of Genius over Envyc. 1849–51Drawing Catalogue.
Jacob Struggling with the Angel1850Drawing Catalogue.
Jacob Wrestling with the Angel1850Drawing Catalogue.
Jacob Wrestling with the Angel1850Oil painting Catalogue.
Sunsetc. 1850Pastel Catalogue.
Apollo Slays the Python, sketchc. 1850Oil painting Catalogue.
Apollo Victorious over the Serpent Python, sketchc. 1850Oil painting Catalogue.
PietàAbout1850Oil painting Catalogue.
The Agony in the Garden1851Oil painting Catalogue.
Study of the Sea1851(?)Watercolour Catalogue.
Marphise1852Oil painting Catalogue.
The Sea at Dieppe1852Oil painting Catalogue.
Christ Asleep during the Tempestc. 1853Oil painting Catalogue.
Saint Stephen Borne Away by His Disciples1853Oil painting Catalogue.
Christ on the Sea of Galilee1854Oil painting Catalogue.
The Sea at Dieppeprobably 1854Watercolour Catalogue.
A Lion and a Tiger, Fightingc. 1854Drawing Catalogue.
Lion Hunt, sketch1854Oil painting Catalogue.
Lion Hunt (fragment)1855Oil painting Catalogue.
Lion Hunt1855–56Oil painting Catalogue.
Hilly Landscapec. 1855Oil painting Catalogue.
The Sultan of Morocco and His Entourage1856Oil painting Catalogue.
The Bride of Abydos (Selim and Zuleika)1857Oil painting Catalogue.
Lamentation over the Body of Christ1857Oil painting Catalogue.
Abduction of Rebecca1858Oil painting Catalogue.
Ovid among the Scythians1859Oil painting Catalogue.
Amadis de Gaule Delivers a Damsel from Galpan’s Castle1859–60Oil painting Catalogue.
Arab Horses Fighting in a Stable1860Oil painting Catalogue.
Shipwreck on the Coast1862Oil painting Catalogue.
The Battle of Taillebourg won by Saint Louis (Château de Versailles)1837Oil on canvas Catalogue.
Christ on the Lake of Gennezaret (Christ Asleep during the Tempest) (The Metropolitan Museum of Art)About 1853Oil on canvas Catalogue.
The Coast of Spain at Salabrena (Christie’s 1998 sale 6059, lot 123)19 January 1832Pen and ink Catalogue.
Crouching Tiger (The Metropolitan Museum of Art)1839Pen and ink Catalogue.
The Education of Achilles (J. Paul Getty Museum)1862Pastel Catalogue.
Fallen Warriors and a Runaway Horse (The Metropolitan Museum of Art)1862Pen and ink Catalogue.
George Sand's Garden at Nohant (The Metropolitan Museum of Art)About 1842–43Oil on canvas Catalogue.
The Giaour on Horseback (The Metropolitan Museum of Art)1824–26Pen and ink Catalogue.
Lion Hunt (Art Institute of Chicago)1860–61; signed 1861Oil on canvas Catalogue.
Figure Studies related to Liberty Leading the People1830Pen and brown ink, brush and brown wash Catalogue.
Chios: Head, Shoulder and Foot Studies1823Graphite Catalogue.
Figure Studies for the Salon du Roi, Palais Bourbon1833–35Pen and iron gall ink Catalogue.
Four Studies of Horses1824–25Pen, ink, black wash and graphite (recto); graphite (verso) Catalogue.
Studies of a Horse and Rider for Heliodorus Driven from the Temple1849–50Pen and iron gall ink, graphite Catalogue.
Liberty Leading the People1830Oil on canvas Catalogue.
Massacre at Chios1824Oil on canvas Catalogue.
Death of Sardanapalus (Louvre original)1827Oil on canvas Catalogue.
Barque of Dante1822Oil painting Catalogue.
Orphan Girl at the Cemetery1824Oil painting Catalogue.
Jacob Wrestling with the Angel (Saint-Sulpice wall painting)Completed 1861Wall painting Catalogue.
Heliodorus Driven from the Temple (Saint-Sulpice wall painting)Completed 1861Wall painting Catalogue.
African Pirates Abducting a Young Woman1852Oil painting Catalogue.
An Arab Horseman at the Gallop1849Oil painting Catalogue.
Arabs Skirmishing in the Mountains1863Oil painting Catalogue.
Moroccan Horseman Crossing a FordAbout 1850Oil painting Catalogue.
A Moroccan (Arab) Saddling a Horse1855Oil painting Catalogue.
The Execution of the Doge Marino Faliero1825–26Oil painting Catalogue.
Christopher Columbus and his Son at La Rábida1838Oil painting Catalogue.
Horse Frightened by Lightning1825–29Watercolour Catalogue.
Horses Leaving the Sea1860Oil painting Catalogue.
Tiger with a Tortoise1862Oil painting Catalogue.
TigerAbout1830Watercolour Catalogue.
Tiger and Snake1862Oil painting Catalogue.
Tiger Hunt1854Oil painting Catalogue.
Lion Hunt in Morocco1854Oil painting Catalogue.
Lion Rending Apart a CorpseAbout1848;historical catalogue placementWatercolour Catalogue.
Frederic Chopin1838Oil painting Catalogue.
Portrait of George Sand1838Oil painting Catalogue.
Portrait of Frédéric Chopin and George Sand1838Oil painting Catalogue.
Mademoiselle RoseAbout 1820Oil painting Catalogue.
Head of a Woman in a Red Turban1831; archive dateOil painting Catalogue.
Two Views of a Standing Indian from CalcuttaAbout 1823–24Oil painting Catalogue.
Last Words of the Emperor Marcus Aurelius1844Oil painting Catalogue.
Entry of the Crusaders in Constantinople1840Oil painting Catalogue.
Medea1862Oil painting Catalogue.
The Death of Laras1858Oil painting Catalogue.
The Bride of AbydosAbout 1852–53; dating disputedOil painting Catalogue.
The Bride of LammermoorAbout1826Watercolour Catalogue.
Cromwell at Windsor Castle1828Oil painting Catalogue.
Milton Dictated to his Daughters the Paradise Lost1827–28Oil painting Catalogue.
Tasso in the Madhouse1839Oil painting Catalogue.
Christ on the Cross1853Oil painting Catalogue.
The Disciples at Emmaus1853Oil painting Catalogue.
The Entombment of ChristNineteenth century; precise date unestablishedOil painting Catalogue.
Fanatics of Tangier1837–38Oil painting Catalogue.
Jewish BrideUndated; Moroccan subject associated with the1832journeyWatercolour Catalogue.
Jewish Wedding in Morocco1839; Salon1841Oil painting Catalogue.
Moroccan Fantasia1847Oil painting Catalogue.
The Sultan of Morocco1845Oil painting Catalogue.
Bouquet of Flowers 18431843Watercolour Catalogue.
Bouquet of Flowers, 18491849Watercolour Catalogue.
Cliffs Near Dieppe1852–55Watercolour Catalogue.
The Edge of a Wood at Nohantc.1842/1843Watercolour Catalogue.
Still Life with Lobsters1826–27Oil on canvas Catalogue.
A Corner of the Studio (attribution disputed)1825–1850; attribution disputedOil on canvas Catalogue.
Study of the Sky at Sunsetc.1849Pastel Catalogue.
Self-Portrait, about 1840c.1840Oil on canvas Catalogue.
Women of Algiers in Their Apartment (1849)1849Oil on canvas Catalogue.
Susanna and the Elders1841Oil on canvas Catalogue.
The Education of Achilles (Drawing)c.1844Graphite Catalogue.
Attila the HunCompleted 1847Mural detail Catalogue.
The Italian Theatre1821Lithograph Catalogue.
A Turkish Man on a Grey HorseUndatedNot specified Catalogue.
Study for The Massacre at ChiosAbout 1823–24Graphite, watercolour and gouache on paper Catalogue.
The Prisoner of Chillon1834; Salon of 1835Oil on canvas Catalogue.
Two Knights Fighting in a LandscapeSecond quarter of the nineteenth century; precise date uncertainOil on canvas; possible later completion Catalogue.

Discussion

Look again at the images and ideas explored in Entry of the Crusaders in Constantinople. These editorial prompts invite your observations.

Reader Insights

Editorial prompt · Follow the composition

Compare the old man’s open palm with the rider’s gloved hand. How does their difference in height affect the appeal?

Editorial prompt · Look again

Follow the lowered horse’s head towards the foreground women. How does that movement interrupt the procession?

Join the Conversation

Share a detail, comparison or question about Entry of the Crusaders in Constantinople below.

References

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  31. National Gallery of Art, Arabs Skirmishing in the Mountains, 1863, 1966.12.1; object metadata, interpretation and provenance. English. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
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  34. Paris Musées / Petit Palais, Le Combat du Giaour et du Pacha,1835,PDUT1162; object record and interpretation. French. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
  35. Art Institute of Chicago, The Combat of the Giaour and Hassan,1826; owner-authored Google Arts & Culture object record. English. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
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  37. The Wallace Collection, The Execution of the Doge Marino Faliero,1825–26,P282; object record and description. English. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
  38. National Gallery of Art, Christopher Columbus and His Son at La Rábida,1838,1963.10.127; object record and provenance. English. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
  39. Musée d’Orsay, Chevaux arabes se battant dans une écurie,1860,RF1988; indexed owner object fields. French. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
  40. Museum of Fine Arts, Budapest / Zsuzsa Gonda, Horse Frightened by Lightning,1825–29,D_1935-2698; owner-authored Google Arts & Culture record and essay. English. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
  41. The Phillips Collection, Horses Coming Out of the Sea,1860,0486; collection record and commentary. English. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
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  44. National Gallery of Art, Tiger, about1830,1943.3.3375; indexed owner record, inscription and visual description. English. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
  45. National Gallery of Art, Tiger and Snake,1862,2014.136.30; indexed owner record, provenance and visual description. English. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
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  53. The National Gallery, London, Louis-Auguste Schwiter, 1826–30, NG 3286; current owner record and in-depth commentary. English. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
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  55. Musée Fabre, Étude d’après le modèle Aspasie, about 1824, 868.1.36; current owner fields and short commentary. French. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
  56. Musées d’Orléans, Head of an Old Greek Woman, study for Chios,1824,96.2.1; full owner record and commentary. French. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
  57. Art Fund, Head of a Woman in Red Turban By Lamplight; archive date1831, rounded dimensions and1962acquisition support; archive cautions record notupdated. English. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
  58. National Gallery of Art, Two Studies of a Standing Indian from Calcutta,c1823/1824,2006.128.18; current owner record and visual description. English. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
  59. National Gallery of Art, Two Studies of an Indian from Calcutta,Seated and Standing,c1823/1824,2006.128.19; separate comparative canvas,current owner record. English. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
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  76. Brooklyn Museum, The Disciples at Emmaus,1853,50.106;oil55.2×47cm,currentobjectrecord. English. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
  77. INHA / Joconde, La Mise au tombeau,copyafterTitian,LyonB286;oil40×55.5cm,nineteenthcentury,currentobjectfields. French. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
  78. Nasjonalmuseet, Oslo, Pietà,about1850,NG.M.01179;oil35.6×27cm,currentobjectrecord. English. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
  79. Minneapolis Institute of Art, Convulsionists of Tangier,1837–38,73.42.3;oil95.57×128.59cm,owner-published collection data. English. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
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  81. Musée du Louvre, Noce juive dans le Maroc,1839,INV3825/LP4737;oil105×140.5cm,Salon1841,currentobjectrecord. French. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
  82. Swiss Federal Office of Culture, Marokkanische Soldaten bei einer Gefechtsübung,1847,SOR1936.3;oil66×82cm,Römerholz,currentobjectrecord. German. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
  83. Musée des Augustins, Toulouse, Moulay Abd-er-Rahman,sultan du Maroc,1845,2004 1 99;oil384×344cm,currentobjectrecord. French. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
  84. French Ministry of Culture / Musée Fabre, Bouquet de fleurs, 1843, inventory 876.3.101; black pencil and watercolour, 20.5 × 26.4 cm. Current Joconde collection record. French. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
  85. Musée du Louvre, Bouquet de fleurs, 1849, RF 31719, Recto; watercolour, gouache and pastel over black pencil on two joined sheets of grey paper, 65 × 65.4 cm. Current collection record. French. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
  86. Musée Marmottan Monet, Monet collectionneur – Chefs-d’œuvre de sa collection privée, 2017 press dossier, printed p.24 (PDF p.23). Cliffs near Dieppe, 1852–55, watercolour, 20 × 30.7 cm; reproduction and collection history. French. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
  87. National Gallery of Art, Washington, The Edge of a Wood at Nohant, c.1842/1843, accession 1985.16.2; watercolour, 15.5 × 20.5 cm. Current collection record. English. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
  88. Musée du Louvre, La mer vue des hauteurs de Dieppe, RF 1979-46; oil on cardboard glued to wood, 36 × 52 cm. Current collection record; 1852 dating follows the 2018 Delacroix catalogue, no.128. French. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
  89. Musée du Louvre, Nature morte au homard, RF1661,1826–27, oil on canvas80.5×106.5cm. French. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
  90. Musée du Louvre, Coin d’atelier. Le poêle, RF2058,1825–1850,oil51×43.4cm; doubtful signature and disputed attribution. French. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
  91. Musée du Louvre, Etude de ciel au soleil couchant, RF3706 Recto,c1849,pastel on grey paper19.2×23.8cm. French. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
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  95. Musée des Beaux-Arts de Lyon, Femme caressant un perroquet, 1827, B 566, oil on canvas, 24.8 × 33 cm. French. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
  96. Palais des Beaux-Arts de Lille, Suzanne et les vieillards, 1841, P 986, oil on canvas, 27 × 35.5 cm. French. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
  97. Kunstmuseum Basel, Ein sterbender Brigant trinkt an einer Quelle, c.1825, 1726, oil on canvas, 32.7 × 40.8 cm. German. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
  98. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, The Education of Achilles, c.1844, 2014.732.3, graphite, 23.6 × 29.7 cm. English. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
  99. Assemblée nationale, Attila and His Hordes Overrun Italy and the Arts, War hemicycle detail, library of the Palais Bourbon, completed 1847, oil and wax on plaster. French. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
  100. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Théâtre Italien, 13 August 1821, 2004.198, lithograph, sheet 25.6 × 18.6 cm. English. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
  101. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Macbeth Consulting the Witches, 1825, 22.63.19, lithograph, third state of five. English. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
  102. Musée du Louvre, Hamlet et Horatio au cimetière, 1839, RF 1942, oil on canvas, 82 × 65 cm. French. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
  103. National Gallery, London, Ovid among the Scythians, 1859, NG6262, oil on canvas, 87.6 × 130.2 cm. English. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
  104. Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, The Abduction of Rebecca, Eugène Louis Lami, 1873, 88.341. Comparative attribution correction; not a Delacroix work. English. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
  105. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Devotion to Drawing: The Karen B. Cohen Collection of Eugène Delacroix, 2018 exhibition overview. English. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
  106. New York Public Library, Print Collection: Print Glossary, definitions of impression, state, edition and processes. English. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
  107. Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, CAMEO, Lithograph, planographic printing glossary. English. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
  108. Musée Eugène-Delacroix, Delacroix and colour, 5 July 2022, collection article. English. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
  109. Musée du Louvre, Eugène Delacroix: artist biography. French. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
  110. Eugène Delacroix / Philippe Burty, editor, Lettres (1815–1863), Paris: A. Quantin, 1878, pp. 120–121; the published extract of 25 January 1832 and opening of 8 February. French. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
  111. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, A Wall Decorated in Spanish Tiles, 1832, 2013.1135.16; collection record. English. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
  112. National Gallery of Art, Washington, Mephistopheles in the Air, 1828, 1994.60.13; first state of five. English. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
  113. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Hamlet Sees the Ghost of His Father on the Terrace, 1843, 22.56.7; first state of five. English. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
  114. Eugène Delacroix / Paul Flat and René Piot, editors, Journal, 22 June 1863; Paris: Plon, 1893, volume III, page 438. French. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
  115. Musée du Louvre, Apollo Slays Python, 1850–51; INV 3818. Collection record. French. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
  116. Sotheby’s, A Turkish Man on a Grey Horse, catalogued under Eugène Delacroix; sale N07716, 2001, lot 20. English. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
  117. Splash image, Entry of the Crusaders in Constantinople, 1840, oil on canvas. Musée du Louvre; INV 3821 / LP 4674. Photographed after the 2025–26 restoration. Shonagon, faithful reproduction via Wikimedia Commons. Image source. Public domain. Whole supplied primary image retained, including documentary/support edges; no appearance editing.