Louis-Auguste Schwiter, 1826–30, oil on canvas. The National Gallery, London; NG 3286. Buy Art Prints Now
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Tom Gurney BSc (Hons) is an art history expert with over 20 years experience
Published on June 19, 2020 / Updated on October 30, 2026
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Portrait of Baron Schwiter (Louis-Auguste Schwiter): Introduction

A young man stands on a stone terrace, his black coat sharply fitted at the waist, his white cravat rising almost to his chin. Behind him, trees gather into darkness while a narrow yellow light remains above distant mountains. His clothes belong to a world of careful social presentation; the landscape opens into distances that seem indifferent to it. Eugène Delacroix brings these two kinds of space together in Portrait of Baron Schwiter: the measured space occupied by an elegantly dressed body and the expansive space of a park at dusk.

The painting, titled Louis-Auguste Schwiter by the National Gallery in London, is an oil on canvas measuring 217.8 × 143.5 cm, signed at the lower left. The Gallery dates it to 1826–30 and identifies it as Delacroix’s first full-length portrait. Its height matters. A sitter shown from head to foot, surrounded by sky, vegetation and architecture, commands a different kind of attention from a face isolated against a plain background. Here the length of the body, the placement of the hands and even the small intervals of white above the shoes contribute to the portrait’s authority. [1]

At a Glance

  • Date1826–30 [1]
  • MediumOil on canvas [1]
  • Dimensions217.8 × 143.5 cm [1]
  • Collection / recordThe National Gallery,London; NG 3286 [1]

This work across Eugène Delacroix’s career

Contents

  1. A friend given an imposing presence
  2. The colour within the black suit
  3. An English portrait reconsidered
  4. The terrace and the approaching dusk
  5. Rejection, revision and Degas
  6. Annotated details

A friend given an imposing presence

Louis-Auguste Schwiter was himself an artist, and his friendship with Delacroix lasted until Delacroix’s death in 1863. He began exhibiting regularly at the Paris Salon in 1831. The familiar title Portrait of Baron Schwiter looks forward to a title he inherited later: it should not make us imagine that Delacroix was already portraying a baron when he began the canvas. The National Gallery suggests that Schwiter may have trained with Delacroix and may have accompanied him to London in 1825. Those possibilities add interest to the friendship, but neither is established as a certainty in its account. [1]

The picture gives little explicit information about Schwiter’s own practice as a painter. There is no easel, palette or work in progress. Instead, it presents him through appearance and bearing. His head is held upright, his eyes meet the spectator, and his mouth remains closed. His dark hair has a loose, irregular outline that contrasts with the discipline of his coat. The warm colour of his face stands out against the cool grey sky, making the encounter with his gaze immediate even within this large composition.

Below the head, the pose becomes more elaborate. His left arm bends so that the cream-gloved hand rests at his waist, while his bare right hand hangs lower, holding his top hat and the other glove. The unequal positions of the hands interrupt the frontality of the figure. One hand belongs to a gesture of composed display; the other carries the accessories that complete it. The feet, angled apart, give him a firm place on the terrace without suggesting that he is actually walking through the park.

There is a useful distinction between the intimacy of the friendship and the formality of the image. Knowing that artist and sitter were friends does not explain every decision in the painting. It does, however, make the impressive scale especially striking. Delacroix has given a fellow artist a presence that depends on the whole body and its surroundings, rather than introducing him through the visible tools of his profession.

Baron Schwiter, 1826, lithograph on chine collé, only state
Baron Schwiter, 1826, lithograph on chine collé, only state. The Metropolitan Museum of Art; 1983.1170. The bust-length print gives the same sitter a different format and medium; it is separate from the full-length oil. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. Image source. CC0 / Public domain. Proportional resize only; supplied photograph and paper margins retained.

The colour within the black suit

From a distance, Schwiter’s clothes read as a single dark shape. Closer looking reveals the different parts of that shape: the high collar, broad lapels, buttoned waistcoat, narrowing waist and long skirts of the frock coat. The trousers carry the darkness almost to the ground. Against the broad, irregular masses of foliage, the tailored silhouette remains exceptionally legible. The suit supplies a long vertical structure through the centre of the picture.

Its restraint also concentrates attention on the few conspicuous accents of colour. The white cravat is the brightest passage near the face. Wrapped high around the neck and gathered down the chest, it forms a complicated pale shape inside the opening of the coat. Lower down, the cream glove makes another island of light at the waist. At the opposite side, the hat turns towards us sufficiently to expose a rich red lining. The eye can move from face to cravat, from cravat to glove, and across to the lowered hand and red hat, without losing the unity of the dark figure.

The top hat extends the black of the clothing, but its red interior gives the lower hand a visual weight that balances the pale glove above and to the right. The loose glove beside the bare hand introduces a smaller, softer shape against the hat. These accessories make the pose specific: the difference between the gloved and bare hands brings variety to an otherwise formal presentation.

At his feet, small glimpses of white stocking separate the trousers from the black shoes. These bright interruptions prevent the lower half of the figure from becoming an unbroken column. They also bring the eye down to the terrace, where the carefully arranged stance becomes clear. Elegance here depends on intervals and contrasts as much as on the clothes themselves.

In their 2018 study of Delacroix, Sébastien Allard and Côme Fabre emphasise the artifice of this appearance. They draw attention to the exceptionally slender body and elongated arms, and read the costume as more suitable for an evening entertainment than for an ordinary walk outside. Their interpretation makes the outdoor setting less a record of an activity than a stage for fashionable self-presentation. They also raise the possibility of affectionate irony in Delacroix’s treatment of his friend’s English tastes. That remains an interpretation, rather than a documented explanation from either man. [8]

The visible proportions support their emphasis on studied elegance. The lowered arm stretches along the body, and the close fit of the clothes makes the waist seem especially narrow. Yet the face retains a directness that complicates any reading of the portrait as simply a joke about fashion. The spectator encounters both an individual looking back and a figure arranged for display.

Explore Delacroix on video

An artist overview and a closer look at Liberty Leading the People.

An English portrait reconsidered

The relationship with British portraiture is more substantial than a general resemblance between outdoor scenes. The National Gallery connects this painting with Delacroix’s attention to Thomas Gainsborough and, particularly, Thomas Lawrence. It records his admiration for Lawrence’s portraits at the Paris Salon of 1824 and his meeting with Lawrence in England the following year. The combination of an elegantly dressed sitter and a parkland background belongs to this context. [1]

Such a setting allows several registers of portraiture to coexist. Fine clothing announces cultivated taste, while the open air offers an appearance of freedom from a formal interior. Trees can frame the body without the rigidity of a wall; the sky can provide variations of light and colour around the head. In Schwiter’s portrait, however, the apparent freedom of the setting does not dissolve the stiffness of the pose. The man remains conspicuously arranged in front of the view.

Allard and Fabre describe Delacroix’s adaptation of British models as distinctly his own, stressing the difference between Schwiter’s frontal presentation and the apparent ease associated with Lawrence’s sitters. Their argument helps explain the painting’s unusual balance. The landscape offers broad curves, sloping distances and irregular growth, while the figure holds its slender, upright position. The park does not simply make the portrait informal. It makes the degree of formality visible. [8]

This is also why the English influence need not be reduced to the identification of a single borrowed composition. Delacroix uses a type of portrait to construct a particular encounter. A French artist in fashionable clothes occupies an outdoor world that seems to promise ease, but the precision of his appearance keeps drawing attention back to the act of posing. The result is at once grand and slightly awkward, with neither quality cancelling the other.

The terrace and the approaching dusk

The background is organised around a pronounced difference between the two sides of the canvas. On the left, dense vegetation rises close to Schwiter. A large blue-green urn occupies the foreground, with flowers and foliage extending upwards beside his lowered arm. On the right, a pale stone balustrade establishes a boundary before the view opens into parkland. The sitter stands between the enclosure of the garden and the distant prospect.

The urn has a substantial presence of its own. Its rounded body contrasts with Schwiter’s narrow legs, and its cool blue-green surface provides a broad area of colour below the hat. Above it, the irregular stems and leaves stand against the long, controlled edge of the coat. This close juxtaposition makes the difference between cultivated appearance and living growth tangible without requiring the flowers to carry a fixed symbolic meaning.

The stonework performs another task. Its broad pale surface sets off the dark coat and trousers, allowing their outlines to remain clear. At the top, the projecting corner and receding edge turn the eye away from the frontal figure and towards the distance. Architecture thus supplies both contrast and direction: it holds Schwiter forward while suggesting a space that continues behind him.

Beyond it, the landscape diminishes rapidly. Tiny figures, stretches of open ground, water and a distant mountain establish a scale far smaller than that of the imposing foreground sitter. The transition is striking. We pass from a hand large enough to examine finger by finger to people who register as minute marks within the view. The landscape expands the painting’s world, but the abrupt change in scale also preserves Schwiter’s dominance over it.

Across the sky, clouded greys and blue-greens give way to a thin yellow band near the horizon. This remaining light allows the mountains to be read against the sky while the nearer trees are already dark. The effect is one of approaching dusk. It enriches the portrait’s atmosphere without proving that the sitter himself is melancholy. Weather and expression can work together in a painting without being exact equivalents.

The National Gallery attributes part of the landscape to Paul Huet. The setting should therefore be understood as an area of collaboration, rather than assigned wholly to either painter. Its importance is nevertheless inseparable from the portrait’s overall design: the dark trees sharpen the pale accessories, the open sky releases the head from the foliage, and the distant landscape gives the still figure an expansive surrounding world. [1]

The Gallery also proposes a more speculative connection with Delacroix’s admiration for Byron: Schwiter’s solitary presence may carry something of the painter’s own identification with the isolated creative individual. It suggests that similarities between the two men’s features might allow a partial self-portrait reading. These are possible ways of approaching the image, not identifications that displace Schwiter. The visible contrast between a single prominent figure and a landscape extending far beyond him is enough to sustain a sense of separateness, even without assigning him a literary role. [1]

Rejection, revision and Degas

Delacroix submitted the portrait to the Salon of 1827, and it was rejected. The reason is unknown. The National Gallery raises dissatisfaction with the balustrade’s perspective as a possible explanation and records that Delacroix later reworked this section. The possibility deserves attention because the stonework is so conspicuous, but it cannot be turned into a known verdict of the jury. Nor does the rejection establish that the jurors were responding to loose brushwork or making a general declaration against Romantic painting. [1]

The distinction matters when looking at the canvas today. The balustrade is part of a painting with a history of revision; its present appearance cannot simply be assumed to reproduce what the jury saw. The National Gallery’s date of 1826–30 accommodates a longer period of work than the 1826–27 date used in the 2018 exhibition catalogue. Both accounts place the portrait’s beginning in the same phase of Delacroix’s career, but its submission to the Salon does not establish a secure completion date. [1][8]

The painting remained with Schwiter before passing through his posthumous sale in 1890 and an intervening owner to Edgar Degas in 1895. Degas acquired it for his private collection. The 2018 catalogue adds the striking detail that he obtained it in exchange for three of his own pastels. This gives a concrete measure of the work’s place in an artist’s collecting life, although it does not tell us precisely which aspects of the portrait Degas valued most. [1][8]

The National Gallery bought the picture at the posthumous Degas sale in Paris on 26 March 1918. Its later history has included the 2018 Delacroix exhibitions at the Louvre and the Metropolitan Museum of Art. These changes of setting have brought a portrait once refused admission to the Salon before successive public audiences. Its British influences are part of its history, but its arrival in London was the result of a particular acquisition, rather than an inevitable destination for an English-looking picture. [1]

The portrait’s continuing force lies in the way its parts resist settling into a single easy impression. Schwiter is poised, yet his pose is visibly constructed. His suit is dark, yet small flashes of white, cream and red animate its surface. The park is spacious, yet he stands close to us, held forward by the terrace and stonework. Delacroix makes the full-length format an opportunity to explore how a person becomes an image: through a face, certainly, but also through dress, stance, accessories and the world arranged around the body.

Annotated Details from Louis-Auguste Schwiter

The numbered points identify visible features discussed in this article. Return from each detail to the whole composition. Each caption identifies the work shown.

Louis-Auguste Schwiter

Louis-Auguste Schwiter, 1826–30, oil on canvas. The National Gallery, London; NG 3286. Faithful reproduction via Wikimedia Commons. Image source. Public domain. Numbers added to a separate overview; details cropped from the source photograph. No appearance changes.

Annotated details from Louis-Auguste Schwiter by Eugène Delacroix

Baron Schwiter - Bust-Length Lithograph

Baron Schwiter, 1826, lithograph on chine collé, only state. The Metropolitan Museum of Art; 1983.1170. The bust-length print gives the same sitter a different format and medium; it is separate from the full-length oil. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. Image source. CC0 / Public domain. Numbered overview and detail crops made from the complete source reproduction. CC0. Original colour and geometry retained.

Annotated details from Baron Schwiter - Bust-Length Lithograph by Eugène Delacroix

Details from LOUIS-AUGUSTE SCHWITER

Each caption distinguishes the main work from the separate comparison. Compare the numbered details with their positions in the complete reproductions.

Louis-Auguste Schwiter

1

The face above the white cravat

Warm flesh meets a high white cravat and dark coat collar. These pale accents hold the head apart from the cool evening sky.

The face above the white cravat detail from Louis-Auguste Schwiter by Eugène Delacroix
2

A bare hand, hat and loose glove

The lowered bare hand carries a top hat with a red lining and the other glove. Their unequal textures give this side of the pose variety.

A bare hand, hat and loose glove detail from Louis-Auguste Schwiter by Eugène Delacroix
3

The cream glove at the waist

The worn glove forms a compact bright shape against the black coat. It balances the lower hand on the opposite side.

The cream glove at the waist detail from Louis-Auguste Schwiter by Eugène Delacroix
4

The balustrade opens into distance

Pale stonework turns towards the park beyond. The small landscape figures and water change the scale behind the imposing sitter.

The balustrade opens into distance detail from Louis-Auguste Schwiter by Eugène Delacroix

Baron Schwiter - Bust-Length Lithograph

5

The face within the dark surround

The face emerges from the dark hair and densely marked background. Pale cheeks and small dark accents around the eyes and mouth concentrate attention on the sitter.

The face within the dark surround detail from Baron Schwiter - Bust-Length Lithograph by Eugène Delacroix
6

Hatching builds the background

Crossing and repeated strokes thicken the background beside the sitter. Their visible directions remain part of the printed surface rather than merging into a uniform grey.

Hatching builds the background detail from Baron Schwiter - Bust-Length Lithograph by Eugène Delacroix
7

The white cravat below the chin

The pale cravat forms a narrow bright passage below the chin. Slanting marks follow its folds and distinguish it from the darker coat beside it.

The white cravat below the chin detail from Baron Schwiter - Bust-Length Lithograph by Eugène Delacroix
8

Coat and waistcoat meet

The dark coat opens onto a lighter waistcoat. Changes in the density and direction of marks distinguish the overlapping garments near the lower edge of the portrait.

Coat and waistcoat meet detail from Baron Schwiter - Bust-Length Lithograph by Eugène Delacroix

Artworks directory

Selected documented works by or associated with Eugène Delacroix, with dates, media and collection records distinguished. This is a growing research directory, not a complete catalogue. An unspecified medium appears under All media.

221 records

NameDateMedium
Male Academy Figure: Half‑Length, Side Viewc. 1818–20Oil painting Catalogue.
Female Academy Figure: Seated, Front View (Mademoiselle Rose)c. 1820–23Oil painting Catalogue.
Two Bearded Heads, after Veronese (detail from “The Marriage at Cana”)1820Oil painting Catalogue.
Self‑Portrait as Ravenswoodc.1821Oil painting Catalogue.
Nereid, after Rubens, detail from “The Landing of Maria de Medici at Marseilles”c. 1822Oil painting Catalogue.
Studies of a Damned Man, for “The Barque of Dante”1822Drawing Catalogue.
Head of an Old Greek Woman1824Oil painting Catalogue.
Tasso in the Hospital of St. Anna, Ferrara1824Oil painting Catalogue.
Turk Mounting His Horse1824Aquatint Catalogue.
Portrait of AspasieAbout 1824Oil painting Catalogue.
Sketch after Goya’s “Caprichos”c. 1822–24Drawing Catalogue.
Study of Babouchesc. 1823–24Oil painting Catalogue.
Thales Fielding (1793–1837)c. 1824–25Oil painting Catalogue.
Studies of Bindings, an Oriental Jacket, and Figures after Goyac. 1822–26Oil painting Catalogue.
Study of an Oriental Vestc. 1822–26Drawing Catalogue.
Study of Greek Costumesc. 1823–26Drawing Catalogue.
Christ in the Garden of Olives (The Agony in the Garden)1824–26Oil painting Catalogue.
Reclining Female Nude: Back Viewc. 1824–26Oil painting Catalogue.
Macbeth Consulting the Witches1825Lithograph Catalogue.
Studies of Seven Greek Coins1825Lithograph Catalogue.
Studies of Twelve Greek and Roman Coins1825Lithograph Catalogue.
Mortally Wounded Brigand Quenches His Thirstc.1825Oil painting Catalogue.
Charles VI and Odette de ChampdiversAbout 1825Oil painting Catalogue.
The Duke of Orléans Showing His LoverAbout 1825–26Oil painting Catalogue.
Count Demetrius de Palatiano (1794–1849) in Suliot Costumec. 1825–26Oil painting Catalogue.
Greece on the Ruins of Missolonghi1826Oil painting Catalogue.
Combat of the Giaour and Hassan1826Oil painting Catalogue.
Justinian Drafting His Laws, sketch1826Oil painting Catalogue.
Baron Schwiter (Louis Auguste Schwiter, 1805–1889)1826Lithograph Catalogue.
Louis Auguste Schwiter (1805–1889)1826–30Oil painting Catalogue.
Death of Sardanapalus, sketch1826–27Oil painting Catalogue.
A Lady and Her Valetc. 1826–29Oil painting Catalogue.
Woman with a Parrot1827Oil painting Catalogue.
Seated Turk (possibly Paul Barroilhet, 1805–1871)c. 1827–30Oil painting Catalogue.
A Greek and a Turk in an Interiorlate 1820sWatercolour Catalogue.
Faust (illustrated book)1828Illustrated book Catalogue.
Mephistopheles Flying over the City (Study for “Faust,” plate 1)c. 1825–27Drawing Catalogue.
Faust, plate 1: Mephistopheles Aloft1826/27Lithograph Catalogue.
Faust, plate 2: Faust in His Study1826/27Lithograph Catalogue.
Faust, plate 3: Faust and Wagner1826/27Lithograph Catalogue.
Faust, plate 4: Faust, Wagner, and the Poodle1826/27Lithograph Catalogue.
Faust, plate 5: Mephistopheles Appearing to Faust1826/27Lithograph Catalogue.
Faust, plate 6: Mephistopheles Receiving the Student1826/27Lithograph Catalogue.
Faust and Mephistopheles in the Tavern (Study for “Faust,” plate 7)1825/26Drawing Catalogue.
Faust, plate 7: Mephistopheles in Auerbach’s Tavern1826Lithograph Catalogue.
Faust, Marguerite, and Mephistopheles in the Street (Study for “Faust,” plate 8)c. 1825–27Drawing Catalogue.
Faust, plate 8: Faust Trying to Seduce Marguerite1826/27Lithograph Catalogue.
Faust, plate 9: Mephistopheles Introduces Himself at Martha’s House1827Lithograph Catalogue.
Faust, plate 10: Marguerite at the Spinning Wheel1826/27Lithograph Catalogue.
Faust, plate 11: Duel between Faust and Valentin1826/27Lithograph Catalogue.
Faust, plate 12: Mephistopheles and Faust Fleeing after the Duel1826/27Lithograph Catalogue.
Faust, plate 13: Marguerite in Church1826/27Lithograph Catalogue.
Faust, plate 14: Faust and Mephistopheles in the Harz Mountains1826/27Lithograph Catalogue.
Faust, plate 15: Marguerite’s Ghost Appearing to Faust1826/27Lithograph Catalogue.
Faust, plate 16: Faust and Mephistopheles Galloping on Walpurgis Night1826Lithograph Catalogue.
Faust, plate 17: Faust with Marguerite in Prison1826/27Lithograph Catalogue.
Wild Horse Felled by a Tiger1828Lithograph Catalogue.
Wild Horse Felled by a Tiger1828Watercolour Catalogue.
Wild Horse1828Lithograph Catalogue.
Studies of a Lion (Tours sketchbook)12 February 1824 or 1829Drawing Catalogue.
Sketches of Tigers and Men in Sixteenth‑Century Costumec. 1828–29Watercolour Catalogue.
Nineteen Studies of Heads and Skulls of Lionsc. 1828–30Drawing Catalogue.
Tiger Lying at the Entrance of Its Lairc. 1828–30Etching Catalogue.
The Murder of the Bishop of Liège1829Oil painting Catalogue.
Royal Tiger1829Lithograph Catalogue.
Lion of the Atlas Mountains1829–30Lithograph Catalogue.
Young Tiger Playing with Its Mother (Study of Two Tigers)1830Oil painting Catalogue.
The Battle of Poitiers1830Oil painting Catalogue.
The Battle of Nancy and the Death of Charles the Bold, Duke of Burgundy, January 5, 14771831Oil painting Catalogue.
Boissy d’Anglas at the Convention, sketch1831Oil painting Catalogue.
Interior of a Dominican Convent in Madrid (L’Amende Honorable)1831Oil painting Catalogue.
Jewish Woman of Tangier1832Drawing Catalogue.
Portrait of Schmareck, Tanner at Tangier1832Watercolour Catalogue.
Standing Moroccan1832Watercolour Catalogue.
A Man of Tangier1832Watercolour Catalogue.
Saada, the Wife of Abraham Ben‑Chimol, and Préciada, One of Their Daughters1832Watercolour Catalogue.
Street in Meknes1832Oil painting Catalogue.
Moroccan Military Exercises1832Oil painting Catalogue.
Arab Cavalry Practicing a Charge (Fantaisie Arabe)1833Oil painting Catalogue.
A Blacksmith1833Aquatint Catalogue.
Collision of Arab Horsemen1833/34Oil painting Catalogue.
Figure Study for “The Women of Algiers”1833/34Watercolour Catalogue.
Women of Algiers in Their Apartment1834Oil painting Catalogue.
The Natchez1823–24 and 1835Oil painting Catalogue.
Christ on the Cross1835Oil painting Catalogue.
Hamlet and Horatio in the Graveyard1835Oil painting Catalogue.
Combat of the Giaour and Hassan1835Oil painting Catalogue.
Léon Riesener (1808–1878)1835Oil painting Catalogue.
Madame Henri François Riesener (Félicité Longrois, 1786–1847)1835Oil painting Catalogue.
Saint Sebastian Tended by the Holy Women1836Oil painting Catalogue.
Medea About to Kill Her Children, sketchc. 1836Oil painting Catalogue.
Moroccan Chieftain Receiving Tribute1837Oil painting Catalogue.
Self‑Portrait in a Green Vestc. 1837Oil painting Catalogue.
Medea About to Kill Her Children (Medée furieuse)1838Oil painting Catalogue.
Cleopatra and the Peasant1838Oil painting Catalogue.
Hamlet and Horatio in the Graveyard1839Oil painting Catalogue.
Startled Arabian Horse in a Landscapec. 1835–40Watercolour Catalogue.
The Shipwreck of Don Juan1840Oil painting Catalogue.
Christ on the Lake of Genesareth (Portland version)c. 1853Oil painting Catalogue.
Pietà, first sketchby 1843Oil painting Catalogue.
Pietà, second sketchby 1843Oil painting Catalogue.
Christ on the Cross, sketch1845Oil painting Catalogue.
Christ on the Cross1846Oil painting Catalogue.
Death of Sardanapalus (Philadelphia replica)1844 / 1845–46Oil painting Catalogue.
The Abduction of Rebecca1846Oil painting Catalogue.
The Lamentation (Christ at the Tomb)1847–48Oil painting Catalogue.
Arab Players1848Oil painting Catalogue.
Arch of Morning Glories, study for “Basket of Flowers”1848/49Pastel Catalogue.
Basket of Flowers1848–49Oil painting Catalogue.
Basket of Flowers and Fruit1849Oil painting Catalogue.
Basket of Flowersc. 1848–50Oil painting Catalogue.
Christ at the Columnprobably 1849Oil painting Catalogue.
Landscape at Champrosaypossibly 1849Oil painting Catalogue.
Michelangelo in His StudioAbout1849–50Oil painting Catalogue.
View in the Forest of Sénartc. 1849–50Oil painting Catalogue.
Forest View with an Oak Treec. 1849–50Watercolour Catalogue.
The Triumph of Genius over Envyc. 1849–51Drawing Catalogue.
Jacob Struggling with the Angel1850Drawing Catalogue.
Jacob Wrestling with the Angel1850Drawing Catalogue.
Jacob Wrestling with the Angel1850Oil painting Catalogue.
Sunsetc. 1850Pastel Catalogue.
Apollo Slays the Python, sketchc. 1850Oil painting Catalogue.
Apollo Victorious over the Serpent Python, sketchc. 1850Oil painting Catalogue.
PietàAbout1850Oil painting Catalogue.
The Agony in the Garden1851Oil painting Catalogue.
Study of the Sea1851(?)Watercolour Catalogue.
Marphise1852Oil painting Catalogue.
The Sea at Dieppe1852Oil painting Catalogue.
Christ Asleep during the Tempestc. 1853Oil painting Catalogue.
Saint Stephen Borne Away by His Disciples1853Oil painting Catalogue.
Christ on the Sea of Galilee1854Oil painting Catalogue.
The Sea at Dieppeprobably 1854Watercolour Catalogue.
A Lion and a Tiger, Fightingc. 1854Drawing Catalogue.
Lion Hunt, sketch1854Oil painting Catalogue.
Lion Hunt (fragment)1855Oil painting Catalogue.
Lion Hunt1855–56Oil painting Catalogue.
Hilly Landscapec. 1855Oil painting Catalogue.
The Sultan of Morocco and His Entourage1856Oil painting Catalogue.
The Bride of Abydos (Selim and Zuleika)1857Oil painting Catalogue.
Lamentation over the Body of Christ1857Oil painting Catalogue.
Abduction of Rebecca1858Oil painting Catalogue.
Ovid among the Scythians1859Oil painting Catalogue.
Amadis de Gaule Delivers a Damsel from Galpan’s Castle1859–60Oil painting Catalogue.
Arab Horses Fighting in a Stable1860Oil painting Catalogue.
Shipwreck on the Coast1862Oil painting Catalogue.
The Battle of Taillebourg won by Saint Louis (Château de Versailles)1837Oil on canvas Catalogue.
Christ on the Lake of Gennezaret (Christ Asleep during the Tempest) (The Metropolitan Museum of Art)About 1853Oil on canvas Catalogue.
The Coast of Spain at Salabrena (Christie’s 1998 sale 6059, lot 123)19 January 1832Pen and ink Catalogue.
Crouching Tiger (The Metropolitan Museum of Art)1839Pen and ink Catalogue.
The Education of Achilles (J. Paul Getty Museum)1862Pastel Catalogue.
Fallen Warriors and a Runaway Horse (The Metropolitan Museum of Art)1862Pen and ink Catalogue.
George Sand's Garden at Nohant (The Metropolitan Museum of Art)About 1842–43Oil on canvas Catalogue.
The Giaour on Horseback (The Metropolitan Museum of Art)1824–26Pen and ink Catalogue.
Lion Hunt (Art Institute of Chicago)1860–61; signed 1861Oil on canvas Catalogue.
Figure Studies related to Liberty Leading the People1830Pen and brown ink, brush and brown wash Catalogue.
Chios: Head, Shoulder and Foot Studies1823Graphite Catalogue.
Figure Studies for the Salon du Roi, Palais Bourbon1833–35Pen and iron gall ink Catalogue.
Four Studies of Horses1824–25Pen, ink, black wash and graphite (recto); graphite (verso) Catalogue.
Studies of a Horse and Rider for Heliodorus Driven from the Temple1849–50Pen and iron gall ink, graphite Catalogue.
Liberty Leading the People1830Oil on canvas Catalogue.
Massacre at Chios1824Oil on canvas Catalogue.
Death of Sardanapalus (Louvre original)1827Oil on canvas Catalogue.
Barque of Dante1822Oil painting Catalogue.
Orphan Girl at the Cemetery1824Oil painting Catalogue.
Jacob Wrestling with the Angel (Saint-Sulpice wall painting)Completed 1861Wall painting Catalogue.
Heliodorus Driven from the Temple (Saint-Sulpice wall painting)Completed 1861Wall painting Catalogue.
African Pirates Abducting a Young Woman1852Oil painting Catalogue.
An Arab Horseman at the Gallop1849Oil painting Catalogue.
Arabs Skirmishing in the Mountains1863Oil painting Catalogue.
Moroccan Horseman Crossing a FordAbout 1850Oil painting Catalogue.
A Moroccan (Arab) Saddling a Horse1855Oil painting Catalogue.
The Execution of the Doge Marino Faliero1825–26Oil painting Catalogue.
Christopher Columbus and his Son at La Rábida1838Oil painting Catalogue.
Horse Frightened by Lightning1825–29Watercolour Catalogue.
Horses Leaving the Sea1860Oil painting Catalogue.
Tiger with a Tortoise1862Oil painting Catalogue.
TigerAbout1830Watercolour Catalogue.
Tiger and Snake1862Oil painting Catalogue.
Tiger Hunt1854Oil painting Catalogue.
Lion Hunt in Morocco1854Oil painting Catalogue.
Lion Rending Apart a CorpseAbout1848;historical catalogue placementWatercolour Catalogue.
Frederic Chopin1838Oil painting Catalogue.
Portrait of George Sand1838Oil painting Catalogue.
Portrait of Frédéric Chopin and George Sand1838Oil painting Catalogue.
Mademoiselle RoseAbout 1820Oil painting Catalogue.
Head of a Woman in a Red Turban1831; archive dateOil painting Catalogue.
Two Views of a Standing Indian from CalcuttaAbout 1823–24Oil painting Catalogue.
Last Words of the Emperor Marcus Aurelius1844Oil painting Catalogue.
Entry of the Crusaders in Constantinople1840Oil painting Catalogue.
Medea1862Oil painting Catalogue.
The Death of Laras1858Oil painting Catalogue.
The Bride of AbydosAbout 1852–53; dating disputedOil painting Catalogue.
The Bride of LammermoorAbout1826Watercolour Catalogue.
Cromwell at Windsor Castle1828Oil painting Catalogue.
Milton Dictated to his Daughters the Paradise Lost1827–28Oil painting Catalogue.
Tasso in the Madhouse1839Oil painting Catalogue.
Christ on the Cross1853Oil painting Catalogue.
The Disciples at Emmaus1853Oil painting Catalogue.
The Entombment of ChristNineteenth century; precise date unestablishedOil painting Catalogue.
Fanatics of Tangier1837–38Oil painting Catalogue.
Jewish BrideUndated; Moroccan subject associated with the1832journeyWatercolour Catalogue.
Jewish Wedding in Morocco1839; Salon1841Oil painting Catalogue.
Moroccan Fantasia1847Oil painting Catalogue.
The Sultan of Morocco1845Oil painting Catalogue.
Bouquet of Flowers 18431843Watercolour Catalogue.
Bouquet of Flowers, 18491849Watercolour Catalogue.
Cliffs Near Dieppe1852–55Watercolour Catalogue.
The Edge of a Wood at Nohantc.1842/1843Watercolour Catalogue.
Still Life with Lobsters1826–27Oil on canvas Catalogue.
A Corner of the Studio (attribution disputed)1825–1850; attribution disputedOil on canvas Catalogue.
Study of the Sky at Sunsetc.1849Pastel Catalogue.
Self-Portrait, about 1840c.1840Oil on canvas Catalogue.
Women of Algiers in Their Apartment (1849)1849Oil on canvas Catalogue.
Susanna and the Elders1841Oil on canvas Catalogue.
The Education of Achilles (Drawing)c.1844Graphite Catalogue.
Attila the HunCompleted 1847Mural detail Catalogue.
The Italian Theatre1821Lithograph Catalogue.
A Turkish Man on a Grey HorseUndatedNot specified Catalogue.
Study for The Massacre at ChiosAbout 1823–24Graphite, watercolour and gouache on paper Catalogue.
The Prisoner of Chillon1834; Salon of 1835Oil on canvas Catalogue.
Two Knights Fighting in a LandscapeSecond quarter of the nineteenth century; precise date uncertainOil on canvas; possible later completion Catalogue.

Discussion

Look again at the images and ideas explored in Portrait of Baron Schwiter (Louis-Auguste Schwiter). These editorial prompts invite your observations.

Reader Insights

Editorial prompt · Follow the composition

Compare the two hands and their accessories. How do unequal gestures shape the formal pose?

Editorial prompt · Look again

Follow the balustrade towards the distant landscape. How does the change in scale affect the sitter’s presence?

Join the Conversation

Share a detail, comparison or question about Portrait of Baron Schwiter (Louis-Auguste Schwiter) below.

References

  1. National Gallery, London, Louis-Auguste Schwiter, Eugène Delacroix, NG3286: “Overview”, “In-depth”, “Details”, “Provenance” and “Exhibition history”. Collection record. English. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
  2. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, “The Giaour on Horseback”, Eugène Delacroix, 1824–26, accession 2015.713.2, collection record and recto image. Source language: English. Accessed 27 October 2026. View source.
  3. The National Gallery, London, Louis-Auguste Schwiter, 1826–30, NG 3286; current owner record and in-depth commentary. English. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
  4. Ministère de la Culture, base Joconde, Bataille de Taillebourg. 21 juillet 1242, notice 000PE005883; collection du château de Versailles, MV 2676 / INV 3822 / LP 2780. French. Accessed 27 October 2026. View source.
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  8. Sébastien Allard and Côme Fabre, Delacroix, exhibition catalogue, New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2018; discussion of Schwiter, pp. 38–42, and checklist entry 30, pp. 279–280 (PDF pp. 54–58 and 295–296). Catalogue PDF. English. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
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  10. Christie’s, “The Coast of Spain at Salabrena”, Ferdinand-Victor-Eugène Delacroix, Impressionist & 19th Century Art, Pt. II, sale 6059, lot 123, 1998. Object details, sale-room notice and lot essay; unpaginated. Source language: English; artist’s inscription in French. Accessed 27 October 2026. View source.
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  22. Musée du Louvre, Mort de Sardanapale, RF 2346, 1827. Object details and historical record. French. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
  23. Philadelphia Museum of Art, The Death of Sardanapalus, object 82626, 1986-26-17, dated 1844. Heading and short commentary; dating differs from the 2018 catalogue. English. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
  24. Musée du Louvre, Dante et Virgile, dit aussi La barque de Dante, INV 3820, 1822; object metadata and history. French. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
  25. Musée du Louvre, Jeune orpheline au cimetière, RF 1652, 1824; object metadata and history. French. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
  26. Musée des Beaux-Arts de Bordeaux, La Grèce sur les ruines de Missolonghi, Bx E 439, 1826; collection record and audio transcript. French. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
  27. Ville de Paris, Retrouvez les chefs d’œuvres de Delacroix à la chapelle des Saints-Anges de Saint-Sulpice, updated 30 November 2016; chapel commission/completion and material history. French. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
  28. Musée du Louvre, Pirates africains enlevant une jeune femme, RF 1965 9, 1852; object record, interpretation and provenance. French. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
  29. Qatar Museums, Tales of a Connected World: About the Galleries; Arab Horseman at the Gallop, 1849, Lusail Museum Collection, and Delacroix’s Gaze. English. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
  30. National Gallery of Art, Arabs Skirmishing in the Mountains, 1863, 1966.12.1; object metadata, interpretation and provenance. English. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
  31. J. Paul Getty Museum, Moroccan Horseman Crossing a Ford, about 1850, 2001.42; Getty-authored commentary and metadata on Google Arts & Culture. English. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
  32. State Hermitage Museum, Moroccan Saddling a Horse, 1855, ГЭ-3852; complete indexed Russian owner text and object fields. Russian. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
  33. Paris Musées / Petit Palais, Le Combat du Giaour et du Pacha,1835,PDUT1162; object record and interpretation. French. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
  34. Art Institute of Chicago, The Combat of the Giaour and Hassan,1826; owner-authored Google Arts & Culture object record. English. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
  35. Ackland Art Museum, Cleopatra and the Peasant,1838,59.15.1; indexed owner object fields. English. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
  36. The Wallace Collection, The Execution of the Doge Marino Faliero,1825–26,P282; object record and description. English. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
  37. National Gallery of Art, Christopher Columbus and His Son at La Rábida,1838,1963.10.127; object record and provenance. English. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
  38. Musée d’Orsay, Chevaux arabes se battant dans une écurie,1860,RF1988; indexed owner object fields. French. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
  39. Museum of Fine Arts, Budapest / Zsuzsa Gonda, Horse Frightened by Lightning,1825–29,D_1935-2698; owner-authored Google Arts & Culture record and essay. English. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
  40. The Phillips Collection, Horses Coming Out of the Sea,1860,0486; collection record and commentary. English. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
  41. Musée du Louvre, Jeune Tigre jouant avec sa mère,1830,RF1943; full object record and history. French. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
  42. Christie’s, Tigre jouant avec une tortue,1862; Rockefeller2018 sale16718 lot3, record and essay. English. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
  43. National Gallery of Art, Tiger, about1830,1943.3.3375; indexed owner record, inscription and visual description. English. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
  44. National Gallery of Art, Tiger and Snake,1862,2014.136.30; indexed owner record, provenance and visual description. English. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
  45. Musée d’Orsay, Chasse au tigre,1854,RF1814; indexed owner record and commentary. French/English. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
  46. State Hermitage Museum, Lion Hunt in Morocco,1854,3853; official guide2014,entry195,pp248–249. English. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
  47. Alfred Robaut / Ernest Chesneau, L’Œuvre complet de Eugène Delacroix,1885,p279,entry1054,watercolour Lion déchirant un cadavre. French. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
  48. Musée du Louvre, Frédéric Chopin, 1838, RF 1717; current owner record of the surviving fragment. French. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
  49. Museum Ordrupgaard, George Sand, 1838, 280WH; current owner dimensions/materials/signature record. Danish. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
  50. Musée du Louvre, Preparatory study for Chopin and George Sand, circa 1838, RF 9357; owner record and commentary. French/English. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
  51. Musée du Louvre, Portrait de Léon Riesener, 1835, RF 1960 58; current owner metadata, label transcription and commentary. French. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
  52. Musée du Louvre, Nu assis, dit Mademoiselle Rose, about 1820, RF 1942 14; complete owner object record. French. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
  53. Musée Fabre, Étude d’après le modèle Aspasie, about 1824, 868.1.36; current owner fields and short commentary. French. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
  54. Musées d’Orléans, Head of an Old Greek Woman, study for Chios,1824,96.2.1; full owner record and commentary. French. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
  55. Art Fund, Head of a Woman in Red Turban By Lamplight; archive date1831, rounded dimensions and1962acquisition support; archive cautions record notupdated. English. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
  56. National Gallery of Art, Two Studies of a Standing Indian from Calcutta,c1823/1824,2006.128.18; current owner record and visual description. English. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
  57. National Gallery of Art, Two Studies of an Indian from Calcutta,Seated and Standing,c1823/1824,2006.128.19; separate comparative canvas,current owner record. English. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
  58. Musée du Louvre, The Assassination of the Bishop of Liège,1829,RF1961 13; complete owner fields and selected provenance. French. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
  59. Musée des Beaux-Arts de Nancy, The Battle of Nancy, signed1831,177; current object fields, narrative and acquisition history. French. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
  60. Musée des Beaux-Arts de Lyon, Last Words of the Emperor Marcus Aurelius,1844,A2928; complete owner record and interpretation. French. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
  61. Mar Borobia, Museo Nacional Thyssen-Bornemisza, The Duke of Orléans Showing His Lover,about1825–26,127(1977.19); complete object record and essay. English. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
  62. Musée du Louvre, Entry of the Crusaders in Constantinople,1840,INV3821/LP4674; current owner description, commission and provenance. French. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
  63. Musée du Louvre, Medea,1862,RF1402; later variant of the1838Lilleoriginal,current object record. French. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
  64. Musée du Louvre, The Shipwreck of Don Juan,1840,RF359; current owner fields and1883gift record. French. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
  65. Musée du Louvre, The Bride of Abydos,RF1398; current dimensions/bequest and broad date differing from the2018catalogue. French. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
  66. Palais des Beaux-Arts de Lille, Medea About to Kill Her Children,1838,P542; the earlier large original,current owner record. French. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
  67. Kimbell Art Museum, Selim and Zuleika,1857,AP1986.04; separate final version, complete indexed owner narrative/provenance. English. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
  68. Art Gallery of Ontario, The Bride of Lammermoor,about1826,80/83; graphite,watercolour andgouache,collection/provenance record. English. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
  69. Christie’s, Cromwell at Windsor Castle,1828,Johnson129;2002auction record/lotessay and1831Salon listing. English. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
  70. Musée Fabre, Michelangelo in His Studio,1850,868.1.40;current object fields andinterpretive notice. French. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
  71. Kunsthaus Zürich, Milton Dictating Paradise Lost to His Daughters,1827–28,1988/0028;current ownerPDF. English. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
  72. Sammlung Oskar Reinhart Am Römerholz, Tasso in the Madhouse,1839,oil60×50cm;owner object record. English. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
  73. The National Gallery, London, Christ on the Cross,1853,NG6433;oil73.5×59.7cm,currentobjectrecord. English. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
  74. The Walters Art Museum, Christ on the Sea of Galilee,1854,37.186;oil59.8×73.3cm,currentobjectrecord. English. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
  75. Brooklyn Museum, The Disciples at Emmaus,1853,50.106;oil55.2×47cm,currentobjectrecord. English. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
  76. INHA / Joconde, La Mise au tombeau,copyafterTitian,LyonB286;oil40×55.5cm,nineteenthcentury,currentobjectfields. French. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
  77. Nasjonalmuseet, Oslo, Pietà,about1850,NG.M.01179;oil35.6×27cm,currentobjectrecord. English. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
  78. Minneapolis Institute of Art, Convulsionists of Tangier,1837–38,73.42.3;oil95.57×128.59cm,owner-published collection data. English. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
  79. Musée du Louvre, Mariée juive à Tanger,undated,RF4614Recto;watercolour/graphite28.5×23.2cm,currentobjectrecord. French. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
  80. Musée du Louvre, Noce juive dans le Maroc,1839,INV3825/LP4737;oil105×140.5cm,Salon1841,currentobjectrecord. French. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
  81. Swiss Federal Office of Culture, Marokkanische Soldaten bei einer Gefechtsübung,1847,SOR1936.3;oil66×82cm,Römerholz,currentobjectrecord. German. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
  82. Musée des Augustins, Toulouse, Moulay Abd-er-Rahman,sultan du Maroc,1845,2004 1 99;oil384×344cm,currentobjectrecord. French. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
  83. French Ministry of Culture / Musée Fabre, Bouquet de fleurs, 1843, inventory 876.3.101; black pencil and watercolour, 20.5 × 26.4 cm. Current Joconde collection record. French. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
  84. Musée du Louvre, Bouquet de fleurs, 1849, RF 31719, Recto; watercolour, gouache and pastel over black pencil on two joined sheets of grey paper, 65 × 65.4 cm. Current collection record. French. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
  85. Musée Marmottan Monet, Monet collectionneur – Chefs-d’œuvre de sa collection privée, 2017 press dossier, printed p.24 (PDF p.23). Cliffs near Dieppe, 1852–55, watercolour, 20 × 30.7 cm; reproduction and collection history. French. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
  86. National Gallery of Art, Washington, The Edge of a Wood at Nohant, c.1842/1843, accession 1985.16.2; watercolour, 15.5 × 20.5 cm. Current collection record. English. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
  87. Musée du Louvre, La mer vue des hauteurs de Dieppe, RF 1979-46; oil on cardboard glued to wood, 36 × 52 cm. Current collection record; 1852 dating follows the 2018 Delacroix catalogue, no.128. French. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
  88. Musée du Louvre, Nature morte au homard, RF1661,1826–27, oil on canvas80.5×106.5cm. French. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
  89. Musée du Louvre, Coin d’atelier. Le poêle, RF2058,1825–1850,oil51×43.4cm; doubtful signature and disputed attribution. French. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
  90. Musée du Louvre, Etude de ciel au soleil couchant, RF3706 Recto,c1849,pastel on grey paper19.2×23.8cm. French. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
  91. Ministero della Cultura / Gallerie degli Uffizi, Autoritratto di Delacroix,0900099717,Inv1890no3914,c1840,oil66×54cm; complete six-page SIGEC record. Italian. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
  92. Musée du Louvre / Musée national Eugène-Delacroix, Portrait de Delacroix en Hamlet, formerly Ravenswood,MD2021-2/RF1953-38,c1821,oil41×33cm. French. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
  93. Musée Fabre, Femmes d’Alger dans leur intérieur, 1849, 868.1.38, oil on canvas, 85 × 112 cm. French. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
  94. Musée des Beaux-Arts de Lyon, Femme caressant un perroquet, 1827, B 566, oil on canvas, 24.8 × 33 cm. French. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
  95. Palais des Beaux-Arts de Lille, Suzanne et les vieillards, 1841, P 986, oil on canvas, 27 × 35.5 cm. French. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
  96. Kunstmuseum Basel, Ein sterbender Brigant trinkt an einer Quelle, c.1825, 1726, oil on canvas, 32.7 × 40.8 cm. German. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
  97. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, The Education of Achilles, c.1844, 2014.732.3, graphite, 23.6 × 29.7 cm. English. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
  98. Assemblée nationale, Attila and His Hordes Overrun Italy and the Arts, War hemicycle detail, library of the Palais Bourbon, completed 1847, oil and wax on plaster. French. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
  99. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Théâtre Italien, 13 August 1821, 2004.198, lithograph, sheet 25.6 × 18.6 cm. English. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
  100. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Macbeth Consulting the Witches, 1825, 22.63.19, lithograph, third state of five. English. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
  101. Musée du Louvre, Hamlet et Horatio au cimetière, 1839, RF 1942, oil on canvas, 82 × 65 cm. French. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
  102. National Gallery, London, Ovid among the Scythians, 1859, NG6262, oil on canvas, 87.6 × 130.2 cm. English. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
  103. Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, The Abduction of Rebecca, Eugène Louis Lami, 1873, 88.341. Comparative attribution correction; not a Delacroix work. English. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
  104. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Devotion to Drawing: The Karen B. Cohen Collection of Eugène Delacroix, 2018 exhibition overview. English. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
  105. New York Public Library, Print Collection: Print Glossary, definitions of impression, state, edition and processes. English. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
  106. Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, CAMEO, Lithograph, planographic printing glossary. English. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
  107. Musée Eugène-Delacroix, Delacroix and colour, 5 July 2022, collection article. English. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
  108. Musée du Louvre, Eugène Delacroix: artist biography. French. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
  109. Eugène Delacroix / Philippe Burty, editor, Lettres (1815–1863), Paris: A. Quantin, 1878, pp. 120–121; the published extract of 25 January 1832 and opening of 8 February. French. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
  110. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, A Wall Decorated in Spanish Tiles, 1832, 2013.1135.16; collection record. English. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
  111. National Gallery of Art, Washington, Mephistopheles in the Air, 1828, 1994.60.13; first state of five. English. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
  112. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Hamlet Sees the Ghost of His Father on the Terrace, 1843, 22.56.7; first state of five. English. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
  113. Eugène Delacroix / Paul Flat and René Piot, editors, Journal, 22 June 1863; Paris: Plon, 1893, volume III, page 438. French. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
  114. Musée du Louvre, Apollo Slays Python, 1850–51; INV 3818. Collection record. French. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
  115. Sotheby’s, A Turkish Man on a Grey Horse, catalogued under Eugène Delacroix; sale N07716, 2001, lot 20. English. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
  116. Splash image, Louis-Auguste Schwiter, 1826–30, oil on canvas. The National Gallery, London; NG 3286. Faithful reproduction via Wikimedia Commons. Image source. Public domain. Proportional resize only; source photographic view retained.