Tiger with a Tortoise: Introduction
A tiger occupies almost the whole width of Eugène Delacroix’s Tiger with a Tortoise, yet the painting’s decisive detail is small enough to overlook. At the lower right, one front paw meets the edge of a tortoise’s shell. The tiger’s head bends towards this low, dark shape; its mouth is slightly open. Everything about the difference in scale suggests an unequal encounter. But the picture gives us no conclusion. The great animal has reached the smaller one, and the action holds at the point of contact.
Painted in oil on canvas, the work measures 45.1 × 62.2 cm. Christie’s recorded the signature and date at the lower left as “Eug Delacroix 1862.” when it offered the painting from the collection of Peggy and David Rockefeller in 2018. Its French sale title, Tigre jouant avec une tortue, describes a tiger playing with a tortoise. That word “playing” offers one way into the scene, though the visible weight of the paw makes the encounter less comfortable than the title might suggest.[1]
At a Glance
- Date1862 [1]
- MediumOil on canvas [1]
- Dimensions45.1 × 62.2 cm [1]
- Collection / recordCollection of Peggy and David Rockefeller, 2018 sale record, lot 3 [1]
This work across Eugène Delacroix’s career
Contents
- A moving body brought to a pause
- The small shell that holds the eye
- Open distance and dark shelter
- Observation and the temptation to invent a story
- A dated work with an older dating history
- Annotated details
A moving body brought to a pause
The tiger faces right, its long flank stretched across the foreground. Its rear legs are spaced apart, while the foreleg reaching towards the tortoise makes a diagonal beneath the lowered head. The pose retains the rhythm of walking. There is no airborne leap, no body gathered into a pounce. Instead, the extended leg seems to interrupt a movement already under way. The viewer can follow the animal from its hindquarters through its shoulders to the small obstruction at its feet.
Delacroix makes that journey visually compelling. Black stripes turn across the orange flank, describing the rounded body rather than lying on it as a flat pattern. Around the shoulder and neck, their directions become more tangled. Pale passages beneath the belly and along the cheek break into the darker coat. The tiger’s bulk is therefore articulated by changes of colour as well as by its outer contour: broad warm surfaces give way to narrow, bright interruptions around the throat, face and paws.
The tail supplies a second movement. It rises behind the rump on the left, curves downwards and turns back beneath the body. This loose sweep contrasts with the straighter, weight-bearing legs. It also keeps the animal’s rear half active in the composition, even as the head and forward paw direct attention towards the right. The tiger is a connected body, not simply a face expressing an emotion. Its entire length participates in the approach to the tortoise.
The lowered head brings the face into the same downward movement as the reaching foreleg. Its pale cheek stands out against the dark vegetation behind it, making the turn of the head particularly legible. The slightly parted mouth adds tension without establishing what will happen next. We can see an animal attending to something beneath it; curiosity, irritation or confusion would each be a further interpretation of that posture.
The small shell that holds the eye
The tortoise sits close to the lower edge, with its shell appearing as a low dome beside the tiger’s paw. Darker divisions and lighter marks give the shell a patterned surface. Its muted colouring connects it to the surrounding earth, unlike the tiger’s conspicuous orange and black. On a first glance, the larger animal commands attention; on a longer look, the smaller creature determines where that attention comes to rest.
Their contact is unusually concentrated. The tiger’s body occupies an expansive horizontal space, but the relationship between the animals depends on a very short distance: the paw against the shell, the lowered muzzle above it. Delacroix gives the tortoise enough distinct form to prevent it from disappearing into the ground. Its head and feet extend beyond the shell, so it remains a creature with its own bodily presence rather than a rounded object in the tiger’s path.
That distinction matters to the scene’s uncertainty. The shell offers a visible boundary between the animals, but the painting does not show that boundary proving invulnerable. Nor does it show the tiger breaking through it. The touching forms invite thoughts about force and resistance while withholding the event that would settle them. There is no need to supply a victory for either animal to recognise the tension of their meeting.
The word “playing” can make the gesture seem tentative, almost experimental. Yet a paw of this size also implies pressure. The picture allows those impressions to coexist. Very little movement is required to make the disparity between the animals felt: a tiger standing over a tortoise generates suspense without the spectacular gestures of a chase or a struggle.
Explore Delacroix on video
An artist overview and a closer look at Liberty Leading the People.
Eugene Delacroix Paintings
An overview of Delacroix’s paintings from TheHistoryOfArt.
Watch on YouTubeOpen distance and dark shelter
The landscape strengthens this concentration on the foreground. Dense trees fill much of the right side and the upper centre. Their deep greens and browns form a shadowed backdrop to the tiger’s head and shoulders. At the left, the scene opens towards successive bands of distant mountains beneath a pale blue sky. Small warmer touches break through the cooler distance. The setting moves between enclosure and openness within a relatively small canvas.
The tiger spans the transition. Its hindquarters stand before the more open part of the view, while its head lowers beneath the dark trees. This arrangement gives the rightward movement a destination within the painting. As the eye travels along the animal, the broad distance on the left yields to the enclosed space around the encounter. The tortoise occupies the last, lowest part of that progression, where looking into a landscape becomes looking closely at two touching forms.
Across the foreground, irregular green and brown passages suggest rough earth, scattered vegetation and uneven surfaces. The tortoise shares these subdued tones. Its proximity to the ground makes the contrast in height especially clear: the tiger’s back rises far above the shell, while the shell scarcely lifts clear of the terrain. Their shapes reinforce the disparity. One animal is presented through long limbs and a sweeping contour, the other through compactness and a low, enclosing curve.
The distant mountain bands offer a quieter set of horizontals behind this arrangement. They give the foreground an impression of breadth, but they do not compete with the striped body for detail. Delacroix distributes attention unevenly and effectively: enough landscape to establish space, enough darkness to bring forward the face, and enough definition at the bottom right to make the small animal indispensable.
Observation and the temptation to invent a story
The familiarity with feline bodies visible here belongs to a longer engagement with animals. Christie’s account describes Delacroix’s visits to the Jardin des Plantes and the natural history museum in Paris, including observation of living animals and preserved specimens, sometimes in the company of the sculptor Antoine-Louis Barye. The same account discusses his 1830 painting of a young tiger with its mother. His interest therefore preceded this canvas by decades.[1]
Such background helps explain the range of bodily relationships available to Delacroix, but it does not identify a particular study or living model for Tiger with a Tortoise. Here, the important achievement is the organisation of the encounter. The tiger’s recognisable weight and flexibility give plausibility to a scene whose meaning remains open. Observation supplies convincing forms; their arrangement prompts the viewer to imagine an action beyond what is actually shown.
Christie’s essay develops that imaginative invitation into a psychological story. It reads the tiger as curious and confused, and proposes that the tortoise’s shell frustrates the larger animal’s strength. It also suggests an analogy with human vulnerability before nature. These are interpretations offered by the auction essay, rather than events or intentions documented by the painting itself.[1]
The visible scene supports a more limited but still absorbing account. An imposing animal has lowered its head towards a much smaller creature and placed a paw on its shell. The mismatch gives the gesture significance; the absence of a completed attack keeps that significance unsettled. The viewer may find humour, menace or absorbed attention in the posture. Delacroix has made room for these responses without giving the animal a human speech or a readable chain of thoughts.
A dated work with an older dating history
The recorded date of 1862 deserves emphasis because this painting has also circulated under an earlier date. Christie’s exhibition history lists it in Marseille in 1862 as Le tigre et la tortue. At the Paris retrospective of 1885, however, it was catalogued as 1858; the Zürich exhibition of 1939 likewise used 1858. These entries explain how an older date could persist alongside the inscription now recorded on the canvas.[1]
The auction essay reports that Alfred Robaut recognised the dated inscription after initially assigning the work to 1858. It also raises the possibility that Delacroix began the painting earlier and signed it after later finishing touches. That proposed sequence remains a hypothesis. The dated signature supports identifying the work as 1862, without allowing a precise reconstruction of how long it occupied the studio.[1]
Its later history crosses several private collections. Christie’s provenance records M. Fanien in Paris in April 1872, identifying him only tentatively as Achille Fanien, and places the painting with Johann Peter Kaspar Meyer in Dresden by 1885. After subsequent changes of ownership, it passed through Eugene V. Thaw to Peggy and David Rockefeller in February 1966. It appeared as lot 3 in their collection sale in 2018. That history establishes its former Rockefeller ownership; it does not establish its owner after the sale or a present place of public display.[1]
Those changes of date, title and collection have surrounded a composition whose central relationship remains strikingly direct. A viewer can take in the tiger’s splendid body immediately, then discover how completely the small tortoise redirects the picture. The larger creature supplies the movement, colour and weight. The smaller one gives that movement a point of suspension. Between the reaching paw and the shell, Delacroix leaves the encounter unfinished in time, inviting sustained attention to a moment before its outcome is known.
Annotated Details from Tiger with a Tortoise
The numbered points identify visible features discussed in this article. Return from each detail to the whole composition. Tiger with a Tortoise — Eugène Delacroix Image source. Public domain.
Details from TIGER WITH A TORTOISE
Compare each detail with the whole composition to follow the relationship between bodies, objects and surrounding space.
The paw meets the shell
One paw touches the small shell beneath the lowered head. The contact suspends the larger animal’s movement.
The head bends towards the ground
Pale cheek and muzzle stand out against the dark trees. The lowered face directs attention towards the tortoise.
Artworks directory
Selected documented works by or associated with Eugène Delacroix, with dates, media and collection records distinguished. This is a growing research directory, not a complete catalogue. An unspecified medium appears under All media.
| Name | Date | Medium |
|---|---|---|
| Male Academy Figure: Half‑Length, Side View | c. 1818–20 | Oil painting Catalogue. |
| Female Academy Figure: Seated, Front View (Mademoiselle Rose) | c. 1820–23 | Oil painting Catalogue. |
| Two Bearded Heads, after Veronese (detail from “The Marriage at Cana”) | 1820 | Oil painting Catalogue. |
| Self‑Portrait as Ravenswood | c.1821 | Oil painting Catalogue. |
| Nereid, after Rubens, detail from “The Landing of Maria de Medici at Marseilles” | c. 1822 | Oil painting Catalogue. |
| Studies of a Damned Man, for “The Barque of Dante” | 1822 | Drawing Catalogue. |
| Head of an Old Greek Woman | 1824 | Oil painting Catalogue. |
| Tasso in the Hospital of St. Anna, Ferrara | 1824 | Oil painting Catalogue. |
| Turk Mounting His Horse | 1824 | Aquatint Catalogue. |
| Portrait of Aspasie | About 1824 | Oil painting Catalogue. |
| Sketch after Goya’s “Caprichos” | c. 1822–24 | Drawing Catalogue. |
| Study of Babouches | c. 1823–24 | Oil painting Catalogue. |
| Thales Fielding (1793–1837) | c. 1824–25 | Oil painting Catalogue. |
| Studies of Bindings, an Oriental Jacket, and Figures after Goya | c. 1822–26 | Oil painting Catalogue. |
| Study of an Oriental Vest | c. 1822–26 | Drawing Catalogue. |
| Study of Greek Costumes | c. 1823–26 | Drawing Catalogue. |
| Christ in the Garden of Olives (The Agony in the Garden) | 1824–26 | Oil painting Catalogue. |
| Reclining Female Nude: Back View | c. 1824–26 | Oil painting Catalogue. |
| Macbeth Consulting the Witches | 1825 | Lithograph Catalogue. |
| Studies of Seven Greek Coins | 1825 | Lithograph Catalogue. |
| Studies of Twelve Greek and Roman Coins | 1825 | Lithograph Catalogue. |
| Mortally Wounded Brigand Quenches His Thirst | c.1825 | Oil painting Catalogue. |
| Charles VI and Odette de Champdivers | About 1825 | Oil painting Catalogue. |
| The Duke of Orléans Showing His Lover | About 1825–26 | Oil painting Catalogue. |
| Count Demetrius de Palatiano (1794–1849) in Suliot Costume | c. 1825–26 | Oil painting Catalogue. |
| Greece on the Ruins of Missolonghi | 1826 | Oil painting Catalogue. |
| Combat of the Giaour and Hassan | 1826 | Oil painting Catalogue. |
| Justinian Drafting His Laws, sketch | 1826 | Oil painting Catalogue. |
| Baron Schwiter (Louis Auguste Schwiter, 1805–1889) | 1826 | Lithograph Catalogue. |
| Louis Auguste Schwiter (1805–1889) | 1826–30 | Oil painting Catalogue. |
| Death of Sardanapalus, sketch | 1826–27 | Oil painting Catalogue. |
| A Lady and Her Valet | c. 1826–29 | Oil painting Catalogue. |
| Woman with a Parrot | 1827 | Oil painting Catalogue. |
| Seated Turk (possibly Paul Barroilhet, 1805–1871) | c. 1827–30 | Oil painting Catalogue. |
| A Greek and a Turk in an Interior | late 1820s | Watercolour Catalogue. |
| Faust (illustrated book) | 1828 | Illustrated book Catalogue. |
| Mephistopheles Flying over the City (Study for “Faust,” plate 1) | c. 1825–27 | Drawing Catalogue. |
| Faust, plate 1: Mephistopheles Aloft | 1826/27 | Lithograph Catalogue. |
| Faust, plate 2: Faust in His Study | 1826/27 | Lithograph Catalogue. |
| Faust, plate 3: Faust and Wagner | 1826/27 | Lithograph Catalogue. |
| Faust, plate 4: Faust, Wagner, and the Poodle | 1826/27 | Lithograph Catalogue. |
| Faust, plate 5: Mephistopheles Appearing to Faust | 1826/27 | Lithograph Catalogue. |
| Faust, plate 6: Mephistopheles Receiving the Student | 1826/27 | Lithograph Catalogue. |
| Faust and Mephistopheles in the Tavern (Study for “Faust,” plate 7) | 1825/26 | Drawing Catalogue. |
| Faust, plate 7: Mephistopheles in Auerbach’s Tavern | 1826 | Lithograph Catalogue. |
| Faust, Marguerite, and Mephistopheles in the Street (Study for “Faust,” plate 8) | c. 1825–27 | Drawing Catalogue. |
| Faust, plate 8: Faust Trying to Seduce Marguerite | 1826/27 | Lithograph Catalogue. |
| Faust, plate 9: Mephistopheles Introduces Himself at Martha’s House | 1827 | Lithograph Catalogue. |
| Faust, plate 10: Marguerite at the Spinning Wheel | 1826/27 | Lithograph Catalogue. |
| Faust, plate 11: Duel between Faust and Valentin | 1826/27 | Lithograph Catalogue. |
| Faust, plate 12: Mephistopheles and Faust Fleeing after the Duel | 1826/27 | Lithograph Catalogue. |
| Faust, plate 13: Marguerite in Church | 1826/27 | Lithograph Catalogue. |
| Faust, plate 14: Faust and Mephistopheles in the Harz Mountains | 1826/27 | Lithograph Catalogue. |
| Faust, plate 15: Marguerite’s Ghost Appearing to Faust | 1826/27 | Lithograph Catalogue. |
| Faust, plate 16: Faust and Mephistopheles Galloping on Walpurgis Night | 1826 | Lithograph Catalogue. |
| Faust, plate 17: Faust with Marguerite in Prison | 1826/27 | Lithograph Catalogue. |
| Wild Horse Felled by a Tiger | 1828 | Lithograph Catalogue. |
| Wild Horse Felled by a Tiger | 1828 | Watercolour Catalogue. |
| Wild Horse | 1828 | Lithograph Catalogue. |
| Studies of a Lion (Tours sketchbook) | 12 February 1824 or 1829 | Drawing Catalogue. |
| Sketches of Tigers and Men in Sixteenth‑Century Costume | c. 1828–29 | Watercolour Catalogue. |
| Nineteen Studies of Heads and Skulls of Lions | c. 1828–30 | Drawing Catalogue. |
| Tiger Lying at the Entrance of Its Lair | c. 1828–30 | Etching Catalogue. |
| The Murder of the Bishop of Liège | 1829 | Oil painting Catalogue. |
| Royal Tiger | 1829 | Lithograph Catalogue. |
| Lion of the Atlas Mountains | 1829–30 | Lithograph Catalogue. |
| Young Tiger Playing with Its Mother (Study of Two Tigers) | 1830 | Oil painting Catalogue. |
| The Battle of Poitiers | 1830 | Oil painting Catalogue. |
| The Battle of Nancy and the Death of Charles the Bold, Duke of Burgundy, January 5, 1477 | 1831 | Oil painting Catalogue. |
| Boissy d’Anglas at the Convention, sketch | 1831 | Oil painting Catalogue. |
| Interior of a Dominican Convent in Madrid (L’Amende Honorable) | 1831 | Oil painting Catalogue. |
| Jewish Woman of Tangier | 1832 | Drawing Catalogue. |
| Portrait of Schmareck, Tanner at Tangier | 1832 | Watercolour Catalogue. |
| Standing Moroccan | 1832 | Watercolour Catalogue. |
| A Man of Tangier | 1832 | Watercolour Catalogue. |
| Saada, the Wife of Abraham Ben‑Chimol, and Préciada, One of Their Daughters | 1832 | Watercolour Catalogue. |
| Street in Meknes | 1832 | Oil painting Catalogue. |
| Moroccan Military Exercises | 1832 | Oil painting Catalogue. |
| Arab Cavalry Practicing a Charge (Fantaisie Arabe) | 1833 | Oil painting Catalogue. |
| A Blacksmith | 1833 | Aquatint Catalogue. |
| Collision of Arab Horsemen | 1833/34 | Oil painting Catalogue. |
| Figure Study for “The Women of Algiers” | 1833/34 | Watercolour Catalogue. |
| Women of Algiers in Their Apartment | 1834 | Oil painting Catalogue. |
| The Natchez | 1823–24 and 1835 | Oil painting Catalogue. |
| Christ on the Cross | 1835 | Oil painting Catalogue. |
| Hamlet and Horatio in the Graveyard | 1835 | Oil painting Catalogue. |
| Combat of the Giaour and Hassan | 1835 | Oil painting Catalogue. |
| Léon Riesener (1808–1878) | 1835 | Oil painting Catalogue. |
| Madame Henri François Riesener (Félicité Longrois, 1786–1847) | 1835 | Oil painting Catalogue. |
| Saint Sebastian Tended by the Holy Women | 1836 | Oil painting Catalogue. |
| Medea About to Kill Her Children, sketch | c. 1836 | Oil painting Catalogue. |
| Moroccan Chieftain Receiving Tribute | 1837 | Oil painting Catalogue. |
| Self‑Portrait in a Green Vest | c. 1837 | Oil painting Catalogue. |
| Medea About to Kill Her Children (Medée furieuse) | 1838 | Oil painting Catalogue. |
| Cleopatra and the Peasant | 1838 | Oil painting Catalogue. |
| Hamlet and Horatio in the Graveyard | 1839 | Oil painting Catalogue. |
| Startled Arabian Horse in a Landscape | c. 1835–40 | Watercolour Catalogue. |
| The Shipwreck of Don Juan | 1840 | Oil painting Catalogue. |
| Christ on the Lake of Genesareth (Portland version) | c. 1853 | Oil painting Catalogue. |
| Pietà, first sketch | by 1843 | Oil painting Catalogue. |
| Pietà, second sketch | by 1843 | Oil painting Catalogue. |
| Christ on the Cross, sketch | 1845 | Oil painting Catalogue. |
| Christ on the Cross | 1846 | Oil painting Catalogue. |
| Death of Sardanapalus (Philadelphia replica) | 1844 / 1845–46 | Oil painting Catalogue. |
| The Abduction of Rebecca | 1846 | Oil painting Catalogue. |
| The Lamentation (Christ at the Tomb) | 1847–48 | Oil painting Catalogue. |
| Arab Players | 1848 | Oil painting Catalogue. |
| Arch of Morning Glories, study for “Basket of Flowers” | 1848/49 | Pastel Catalogue. |
| Basket of Flowers | 1848–49 | Oil painting Catalogue. |
| Basket of Flowers and Fruit | 1849 | Oil painting Catalogue. |
| Basket of Flowers | c. 1848–50 | Oil painting Catalogue. |
| Christ at the Column | probably 1849 | Oil painting Catalogue. |
| Landscape at Champrosay | possibly 1849 | Oil painting Catalogue. |
| Michelangelo in His Studio | About1849–50 | Oil painting Catalogue. |
| View in the Forest of Sénart | c. 1849–50 | Oil painting Catalogue. |
| Forest View with an Oak Tree | c. 1849–50 | Watercolour Catalogue. |
| The Triumph of Genius over Envy | c. 1849–51 | Drawing Catalogue. |
| Jacob Struggling with the Angel | 1850 | Drawing Catalogue. |
| Jacob Wrestling with the Angel | 1850 | Drawing Catalogue. |
| Jacob Wrestling with the Angel | 1850 | Oil painting Catalogue. |
| Sunset | c. 1850 | Pastel Catalogue. |
| Apollo Slays the Python, sketch | c. 1850 | Oil painting Catalogue. |
| Apollo Victorious over the Serpent Python, sketch | c. 1850 | Oil painting Catalogue. |
| Pietà | About1850 | Oil painting Catalogue. |
| The Agony in the Garden | 1851 | Oil painting Catalogue. |
| Study of the Sea | 1851(?) | Watercolour Catalogue. |
| Marphise | 1852 | Oil painting Catalogue. |
| The Sea at Dieppe | 1852 | Oil painting Catalogue. |
| Christ Asleep during the Tempest | c. 1853 | Oil painting Catalogue. |
| Saint Stephen Borne Away by His Disciples | 1853 | Oil painting Catalogue. |
| Christ on the Sea of Galilee | 1854 | Oil painting Catalogue. |
| The Sea at Dieppe | probably 1854 | Watercolour Catalogue. |
| A Lion and a Tiger, Fighting | c. 1854 | Drawing Catalogue. |
| Lion Hunt, sketch | 1854 | Oil painting Catalogue. |
| Lion Hunt (fragment) | 1855 | Oil painting Catalogue. |
| Lion Hunt | 1855–56 | Oil painting Catalogue. |
| Hilly Landscape | c. 1855 | Oil painting Catalogue. |
| The Sultan of Morocco and His Entourage | 1856 | Oil painting Catalogue. |
| The Bride of Abydos (Selim and Zuleika) | 1857 | Oil painting Catalogue. |
| Lamentation over the Body of Christ | 1857 | Oil painting Catalogue. |
| Abduction of Rebecca | 1858 | Oil painting Catalogue. |
| Ovid among the Scythians | 1859 | Oil painting Catalogue. |
| Amadis de Gaule Delivers a Damsel from Galpan’s Castle | 1859–60 | Oil painting Catalogue. |
| Arab Horses Fighting in a Stable | 1860 | Oil painting Catalogue. |
| Shipwreck on the Coast | 1862 | Oil painting Catalogue. |
| The Battle of Taillebourg won by Saint Louis (Château de Versailles) | 1837 | Oil on canvas Catalogue. |
| Christ on the Lake of Gennezaret (Christ Asleep during the Tempest) (The Metropolitan Museum of Art) | About 1853 | Oil on canvas Catalogue. |
| The Coast of Spain at Salabrena (Christie’s 1998 sale 6059, lot 123) | 19 January 1832 | Pen and ink Catalogue. |
| Crouching Tiger (The Metropolitan Museum of Art) | 1839 | Pen and ink Catalogue. |
| The Education of Achilles (J. Paul Getty Museum) | 1862 | Pastel Catalogue. |
| Fallen Warriors and a Runaway Horse (The Metropolitan Museum of Art) | 1862 | Pen and ink Catalogue. |
| George Sand's Garden at Nohant (The Metropolitan Museum of Art) | About 1842–43 | Oil on canvas Catalogue. |
| The Giaour on Horseback (The Metropolitan Museum of Art) | 1824–26 | Pen and ink Catalogue. |
| Lion Hunt (Art Institute of Chicago) | 1860–61; signed 1861 | Oil on canvas Catalogue. |
| Figure Studies related to Liberty Leading the People | 1830 | Pen and brown ink, brush and brown wash Catalogue. |
| Chios: Head, Shoulder and Foot Studies | 1823 | Graphite Catalogue. |
| Figure Studies for the Salon du Roi, Palais Bourbon | 1833–35 | Pen and iron gall ink Catalogue. |
| Four Studies of Horses | 1824–25 | Pen, ink, black wash and graphite (recto); graphite (verso) Catalogue. |
| Studies of a Horse and Rider for Heliodorus Driven from the Temple | 1849–50 | Pen and iron gall ink, graphite Catalogue. |
| Liberty Leading the People | 1830 | Oil on canvas Catalogue. |
| Massacre at Chios | 1824 | Oil on canvas Catalogue. |
| Death of Sardanapalus (Louvre original) | 1827 | Oil on canvas Catalogue. |
| Barque of Dante | 1822 | Oil painting Catalogue. |
| Orphan Girl at the Cemetery | 1824 | Oil painting Catalogue. |
| Jacob Wrestling with the Angel (Saint-Sulpice wall painting) | Completed 1861 | Wall painting Catalogue. |
| Heliodorus Driven from the Temple (Saint-Sulpice wall painting) | Completed 1861 | Wall painting Catalogue. |
| African Pirates Abducting a Young Woman | 1852 | Oil painting Catalogue. |
| An Arab Horseman at the Gallop | 1849 | Oil painting Catalogue. |
| Arabs Skirmishing in the Mountains | 1863 | Oil painting Catalogue. |
| Moroccan Horseman Crossing a Ford | About 1850 | Oil painting Catalogue. |
| A Moroccan (Arab) Saddling a Horse | 1855 | Oil painting Catalogue. |
| The Execution of the Doge Marino Faliero | 1825–26 | Oil painting Catalogue. |
| Christopher Columbus and his Son at La Rábida | 1838 | Oil painting Catalogue. |
| Horse Frightened by Lightning | 1825–29 | Watercolour Catalogue. |
| Horses Leaving the Sea | 1860 | Oil painting Catalogue. |
| Tiger with a Tortoise | 1862 | Oil painting Catalogue. |
| Tiger | About1830 | Watercolour Catalogue. |
| Tiger and Snake | 1862 | Oil painting Catalogue. |
| Tiger Hunt | 1854 | Oil painting Catalogue. |
| Lion Hunt in Morocco | 1854 | Oil painting Catalogue. |
| Lion Rending Apart a Corpse | About1848;historical catalogue placement | Watercolour Catalogue. |
| Frederic Chopin | 1838 | Oil painting Catalogue. |
| Portrait of George Sand | 1838 | Oil painting Catalogue. |
| Portrait of Frédéric Chopin and George Sand | 1838 | Oil painting Catalogue. |
| Mademoiselle Rose | About 1820 | Oil painting Catalogue. |
| Head of a Woman in a Red Turban | 1831; archive date | Oil painting Catalogue. |
| Two Views of a Standing Indian from Calcutta | About 1823–24 | Oil painting Catalogue. |
| Last Words of the Emperor Marcus Aurelius | 1844 | Oil painting Catalogue. |
| Entry of the Crusaders in Constantinople | 1840 | Oil painting Catalogue. |
| Medea | 1862 | Oil painting Catalogue. |
| The Death of Laras | 1858 | Oil painting Catalogue. |
| The Bride of Abydos | About 1852–53; dating disputed | Oil painting Catalogue. |
| The Bride of Lammermoor | About1826 | Watercolour Catalogue. |
| Cromwell at Windsor Castle | 1828 | Oil painting Catalogue. |
| Milton Dictated to his Daughters the Paradise Lost | 1827–28 | Oil painting Catalogue. |
| Tasso in the Madhouse | 1839 | Oil painting Catalogue. |
| Christ on the Cross | 1853 | Oil painting Catalogue. |
| The Disciples at Emmaus | 1853 | Oil painting Catalogue. |
| The Entombment of Christ | Nineteenth century; precise date unestablished | Oil painting Catalogue. |
| Fanatics of Tangier | 1837–38 | Oil painting Catalogue. |
| Jewish Bride | Undated; Moroccan subject associated with the1832journey | Watercolour Catalogue. |
| Jewish Wedding in Morocco | 1839; Salon1841 | Oil painting Catalogue. |
| Moroccan Fantasia | 1847 | Oil painting Catalogue. |
| The Sultan of Morocco | 1845 | Oil painting Catalogue. |
| Bouquet of Flowers 1843 | 1843 | Watercolour Catalogue. |
| Bouquet of Flowers, 1849 | 1849 | Watercolour Catalogue. |
| Cliffs Near Dieppe | 1852–55 | Watercolour Catalogue. |
| The Edge of a Wood at Nohant | c.1842/1843 | Watercolour Catalogue. |
| Still Life with Lobsters | 1826–27 | Oil on canvas Catalogue. |
| A Corner of the Studio (attribution disputed) | 1825–1850; attribution disputed | Oil on canvas Catalogue. |
| Study of the Sky at Sunset | c.1849 | Pastel Catalogue. |
| Self-Portrait, about 1840 | c.1840 | Oil on canvas Catalogue. |
| Women of Algiers in Their Apartment (1849) | 1849 | Oil on canvas Catalogue. |
| Susanna and the Elders | 1841 | Oil on canvas Catalogue. |
| The Education of Achilles (Drawing) | c.1844 | Graphite Catalogue. |
| Attila the Hun | Completed 1847 | Mural detail Catalogue. |
| The Italian Theatre | 1821 | Lithograph Catalogue. |
| A Turkish Man on a Grey Horse | Undated | Not specified Catalogue. |
| Study for The Massacre at Chios | About 1823–24 | Graphite, watercolour and gouache on paper Catalogue. |
| The Prisoner of Chillon | 1834; Salon of 1835 | Oil on canvas Catalogue. |
| Two Knights Fighting in a Landscape | Second quarter of the nineteenth century; precise date uncertain | Oil on canvas; possible later completion Catalogue. |
Discussion
Look again at the images and ideas explored in Tiger with a Tortoise. These editorial prompts invite your observations.
Reader Insights
Compare the tiger’s paw with the tortoise shell. How does their difference in scale shape the encounter?
Follow the tiger’s body towards the open landscape. Where does the sense of movement pause?
Join the Conversation
Share a detail, comparison or question about Tiger with a Tortoise below.
References
- Christie’s, “Eugène Delacroix (1798–1863), Tigre jouant avec une tortue”, The Collection of Peggy and David Rockefeller: 19th and 20th Century Art, Evening Sale, live auction 16718, lot 3, 2018. Details, provenance, exhibition history and lot essay; unpaginated. Christie’s lot record. Source language: English. Accessed 28 October 2026 through the complete lot-record capture supplied in the local research evidence. View source.
- The Metropolitan Museum of Art, “The Giaour on Horseback”, Eugène Delacroix, 1824–26, accession 2015.713.2, collection record and recto image. Source language: English. Accessed 27 October 2026. View source.
- Ministère de la Culture, base Joconde, Bataille de Taillebourg. 21 juillet 1242, notice 000PE005883; collection du château de Versailles, MV 2676 / INV 3822 / LP 2780. French. Accessed 27 October 2026. View source.
- Asher Miller, compiler, “Checklist,” entries 1–145, in Sébastien Allard and Côme Fabre, Delacroix. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2018, pp. 275–297. Basic title, date and medium metadata consulted; not a complete catalogue of the artist’s works. Source language: English. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
- The Metropolitan Museum of Art, “Eugène Delacroix: Christ Asleep during the Tempest,” collection record, accession 29.100.131, object details and introductory commentary. Source language: English. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
- George R. Goldner and Lee Hendrix, with Kelly Pask, European Drawings 2: Catalogue of the Collections. Malibu: J. Paul Getty Museum, 1992, entry 56, p. 140; colour plate 8. Source language: English. Accessed 27 October 2026. View source.
- Christie’s, Tigre jouant avec une tortue,1862; Rockefeller2018 sale16718 lot3, record and essay. English. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
- Asher Ethan Miller, “Eugène Delacroix, Christ on the Sea of Galilee, 1853 or earlier,” French Paintings and Pastels, 1600–1945, Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art, 2021. Narrative and notes, including the revised Portland chronology; Glynnis Napier Stevenson documentation note 1 also consulted. Source language: English. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
- Christie’s, “The Coast of Spain at Salabrena”, Ferdinand-Victor-Eugène Delacroix, Impressionist & 19th Century Art, Pt. II, sale 6059, lot 123, 1998. Object details, sale-room notice and lot essay; unpaginated. Source language: English; artist’s inscription in French. Accessed 27 October 2026. View source.
- The Metropolitan Museum of Art, “Eugène Delacroix: Crouching Tiger”, collection record for accession 2013.1135.5, 1839; object details and curatorial commentary, unpaginated. Source language: English. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
- The Metropolitan Museum of Art, “Fallen Warriors and a Runaway Horse”, collection record, object details, curatorial commentary and collection image; unpaginated. Source language: English. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
- The Metropolitan Museum of Art, “George Sand’s Garden at Nohant,” Eugène Delacroix, collection record, accession 22.27.4; object details and curatorial overview. Source language: English. Accessed 27 October 2026. View source.
- Art Institute of Chicago, “Lion Hunt”, collection record, especially “About this artwork”, object information, inscriptions and provenance; unpaginated. Source language: English. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
- The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Figure Studies related to Liberty Leading the People, 1830, 2013.1135.12. Visible object metadata and short commentary. English. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
- The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Head, Shoulder, and Foot, Studies for Scenes from the Chios Massacres, 1823, 2013.1135.22. Visible object metadata and commentary. English. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
- The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Figure Studies for the Salon du Roi, Palais Bourbon, 1833–35, 2013.1135.24. Visible metadata and commentary. English. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
- The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Four Studies of Horses, 1824–25, 2024.591.65. Recto and verso metadata and commentary. English. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
- The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Studies of a Horse and Rider for Heliodorus Driven from the Temple, 1849–50, 2024.591.78. Visible metadata and commentary. English. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
- Musée du Louvre, Le 28 juillet 1830. La Liberté guidant le peuple, RF 129, 1830. Object details and historical record. French. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
- Musée du Louvre, Scènes des massacres de Scio, INV 3823, 1824. Object details and historical record. French. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
- Musée du Louvre, Mort de Sardanapale, RF 2346, 1827. Object details and historical record. French. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
- Philadelphia Museum of Art, The Death of Sardanapalus, object 82626, 1986-26-17, dated 1844. Heading and short commentary; dating differs from the 2018 catalogue. English. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
- Musée du Louvre, Dante et Virgile, dit aussi La barque de Dante, INV 3820, 1822; object metadata and history. French. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
- Musée du Louvre, Jeune orpheline au cimetière, RF 1652, 1824; object metadata and history. French. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
- Musée des Beaux-Arts de Bordeaux, La Grèce sur les ruines de Missolonghi, Bx E 439, 1826; collection record and audio transcript. French. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
- Ville de Paris, Retrouvez les chefs d’œuvres de Delacroix à la chapelle des Saints-Anges de Saint-Sulpice, updated 30 November 2016; chapel commission/completion and material history. French. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
- Musée du Louvre, Pirates africains enlevant une jeune femme, RF 1965 9, 1852; object record, interpretation and provenance. French. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
- Qatar Museums, Tales of a Connected World: About the Galleries; Arab Horseman at the Gallop, 1849, Lusail Museum Collection, and Delacroix’s Gaze. English. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
- National Gallery of Art, Arabs Skirmishing in the Mountains, 1863, 1966.12.1; object metadata, interpretation and provenance. English. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
- J. Paul Getty Museum, Moroccan Horseman Crossing a Ford, about 1850, 2001.42; Getty-authored commentary and metadata on Google Arts & Culture. English. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
- State Hermitage Museum, Moroccan Saddling a Horse, 1855, ГЭ-3852; complete indexed Russian owner text and object fields. Russian. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
- Paris Musées / Petit Palais, Le Combat du Giaour et du Pacha,1835,PDUT1162; object record and interpretation. French. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
- Art Institute of Chicago, The Combat of the Giaour and Hassan,1826; owner-authored Google Arts & Culture object record. English. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
- Ackland Art Museum, Cleopatra and the Peasant,1838,59.15.1; indexed owner object fields. English. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
- The Wallace Collection, The Execution of the Doge Marino Faliero,1825–26,P282; object record and description. English. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
- National Gallery of Art, Christopher Columbus and His Son at La Rábida,1838,1963.10.127; object record and provenance. English. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
- Musée d’Orsay, Chevaux arabes se battant dans une écurie,1860,RF1988; indexed owner object fields. French. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
- Museum of Fine Arts, Budapest / Zsuzsa Gonda, Horse Frightened by Lightning,1825–29,D_1935-2698; owner-authored Google Arts & Culture record and essay. English. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
- The Phillips Collection, Horses Coming Out of the Sea,1860,0486; collection record and commentary. English. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
- Musée du Louvre, Jeune Tigre jouant avec sa mère,1830,RF1943; full object record and history. French. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
- National Gallery of Art, Tiger, about1830,1943.3.3375; indexed owner record, inscription and visual description. English. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
- National Gallery of Art, Tiger and Snake,1862,2014.136.30; indexed owner record, provenance and visual description. English. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
- Musée d’Orsay, Chasse au tigre,1854,RF1814; indexed owner record and commentary. French/English. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
- State Hermitage Museum, Lion Hunt in Morocco,1854,3853; official guide2014,entry195,pp248–249. English. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
- Alfred Robaut / Ernest Chesneau, L’Œuvre complet de Eugène Delacroix,1885,p279,entry1054,watercolour Lion déchirant un cadavre. French. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
- Musée du Louvre, Frédéric Chopin, 1838, RF 1717; current owner record of the surviving fragment. French. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
- Museum Ordrupgaard, George Sand, 1838, 280WH; current owner dimensions/materials/signature record. Danish. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
- Musée du Louvre, Preparatory study for Chopin and George Sand, circa 1838, RF 9357; owner record and commentary. French/English. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
- Musée du Louvre, Portrait de Léon Riesener, 1835, RF 1960 58; current owner metadata, label transcription and commentary. French. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
- The National Gallery, London, Louis-Auguste Schwiter, 1826–30, NG 3286; current owner record and in-depth commentary. English. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
- Musée du Louvre, Nu assis, dit Mademoiselle Rose, about 1820, RF 1942 14; complete owner object record. French. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
- Musée Fabre, Étude d’après le modèle Aspasie, about 1824, 868.1.36; current owner fields and short commentary. French. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
- Musées d’Orléans, Head of an Old Greek Woman, study for Chios,1824,96.2.1; full owner record and commentary. French. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
- Art Fund, Head of a Woman in Red Turban By Lamplight; archive date1831, rounded dimensions and1962acquisition support; archive cautions record notupdated. English. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
- National Gallery of Art, Two Studies of a Standing Indian from Calcutta,c1823/1824,2006.128.18; current owner record and visual description. English. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
- National Gallery of Art, Two Studies of an Indian from Calcutta,Seated and Standing,c1823/1824,2006.128.19; separate comparative canvas,current owner record. English. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
- Musée du Louvre, The Assassination of the Bishop of Liège,1829,RF1961 13; complete owner fields and selected provenance. French. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
- Musée des Beaux-Arts de Nancy, The Battle of Nancy, signed1831,177; current object fields, narrative and acquisition history. French. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
- Musée des Beaux-Arts de Lyon, Last Words of the Emperor Marcus Aurelius,1844,A2928; complete owner record and interpretation. French. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
- Mar Borobia, Museo Nacional Thyssen-Bornemisza, The Duke of Orléans Showing His Lover,about1825–26,127(1977.19); complete object record and essay. English. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
- Musée du Louvre, Entry of the Crusaders in Constantinople,1840,INV3821/LP4674; current owner description, commission and provenance. French. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
- Musée du Louvre, Medea,1862,RF1402; later variant of the1838Lilleoriginal,current object record. French. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
- Musée du Louvre, The Shipwreck of Don Juan,1840,RF359; current owner fields and1883gift record. French. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
- Musée du Louvre, The Bride of Abydos,RF1398; current dimensions/bequest and broad date differing from the2018catalogue. French. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
- Palais des Beaux-Arts de Lille, Medea About to Kill Her Children,1838,P542; the earlier large original,current owner record. French. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
- Kimbell Art Museum, Selim and Zuleika,1857,AP1986.04; separate final version, complete indexed owner narrative/provenance. English. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
- Art Gallery of Ontario, The Bride of Lammermoor,about1826,80/83; graphite,watercolour andgouache,collection/provenance record. English. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
- Christie’s, Cromwell at Windsor Castle,1828,Johnson129;2002auction record/lotessay and1831Salon listing. English. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
- Musée Fabre, Michelangelo in His Studio,1850,868.1.40;current object fields andinterpretive notice. French. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
- Kunsthaus Zürich, Milton Dictating Paradise Lost to His Daughters,1827–28,1988/0028;current ownerPDF. English. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
- Sammlung Oskar Reinhart Am Römerholz, Tasso in the Madhouse,1839,oil60×50cm;owner object record. English. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
- The National Gallery, London, Christ on the Cross,1853,NG6433;oil73.5×59.7cm,currentobjectrecord. English. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
- The Walters Art Museum, Christ on the Sea of Galilee,1854,37.186;oil59.8×73.3cm,currentobjectrecord. English. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
- Brooklyn Museum, The Disciples at Emmaus,1853,50.106;oil55.2×47cm,currentobjectrecord. English. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
- INHA / Joconde, La Mise au tombeau,copyafterTitian,LyonB286;oil40×55.5cm,nineteenthcentury,currentobjectfields. French. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
- Nasjonalmuseet, Oslo, Pietà,about1850,NG.M.01179;oil35.6×27cm,currentobjectrecord. English. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
- Minneapolis Institute of Art, Convulsionists of Tangier,1837–38,73.42.3;oil95.57×128.59cm,owner-published collection data. English. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
- Musée du Louvre, Mariée juive à Tanger,undated,RF4614Recto;watercolour/graphite28.5×23.2cm,currentobjectrecord. French. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
- Musée du Louvre, Noce juive dans le Maroc,1839,INV3825/LP4737;oil105×140.5cm,Salon1841,currentobjectrecord. French. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
- Swiss Federal Office of Culture, Marokkanische Soldaten bei einer Gefechtsübung,1847,SOR1936.3;oil66×82cm,Römerholz,currentobjectrecord. German. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
- Musée des Augustins, Toulouse, Moulay Abd-er-Rahman,sultan du Maroc,1845,2004 1 99;oil384×344cm,currentobjectrecord. French. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
- French Ministry of Culture / Musée Fabre, Bouquet de fleurs, 1843, inventory 876.3.101; black pencil and watercolour, 20.5 × 26.4 cm. Current Joconde collection record. French. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
- Musée du Louvre, Bouquet de fleurs, 1849, RF 31719, Recto; watercolour, gouache and pastel over black pencil on two joined sheets of grey paper, 65 × 65.4 cm. Current collection record. French. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
- Musée Marmottan Monet, Monet collectionneur – Chefs-d’œuvre de sa collection privée, 2017 press dossier, printed p.24 (PDF p.23). Cliffs near Dieppe, 1852–55, watercolour, 20 × 30.7 cm; reproduction and collection history. French. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
- National Gallery of Art, Washington, The Edge of a Wood at Nohant, c.1842/1843, accession 1985.16.2; watercolour, 15.5 × 20.5 cm. Current collection record. English. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
- Musée du Louvre, La mer vue des hauteurs de Dieppe, RF 1979-46; oil on cardboard glued to wood, 36 × 52 cm. Current collection record; 1852 dating follows the 2018 Delacroix catalogue, no.128. French. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
- Musée du Louvre, Nature morte au homard, RF1661,1826–27, oil on canvas80.5×106.5cm. French. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
- Musée du Louvre, Coin d’atelier. Le poêle, RF2058,1825–1850,oil51×43.4cm; doubtful signature and disputed attribution. French. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
- Musée du Louvre, Etude de ciel au soleil couchant, RF3706 Recto,c1849,pastel on grey paper19.2×23.8cm. French. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
- Ministero della Cultura / Gallerie degli Uffizi, Autoritratto di Delacroix,0900099717,Inv1890no3914,c1840,oil66×54cm; complete six-page SIGEC record. Italian. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
- Musée du Louvre / Musée national Eugène-Delacroix, Portrait de Delacroix en Hamlet, formerly Ravenswood,MD2021-2/RF1953-38,c1821,oil41×33cm. French. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
- Musée Fabre, Femmes d’Alger dans leur intérieur, 1849, 868.1.38, oil on canvas, 85 × 112 cm. French. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
- Musée des Beaux-Arts de Lyon, Femme caressant un perroquet, 1827, B 566, oil on canvas, 24.8 × 33 cm. French. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
- Palais des Beaux-Arts de Lille, Suzanne et les vieillards, 1841, P 986, oil on canvas, 27 × 35.5 cm. French. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
- Kunstmuseum Basel, Ein sterbender Brigant trinkt an einer Quelle, c.1825, 1726, oil on canvas, 32.7 × 40.8 cm. German. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
- The Metropolitan Museum of Art, The Education of Achilles, c.1844, 2014.732.3, graphite, 23.6 × 29.7 cm. English. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
- Assemblée nationale, Attila and His Hordes Overrun Italy and the Arts, War hemicycle detail, library of the Palais Bourbon, completed 1847, oil and wax on plaster. French. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
- The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Théâtre Italien, 13 August 1821, 2004.198, lithograph, sheet 25.6 × 18.6 cm. English. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
- The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Macbeth Consulting the Witches, 1825, 22.63.19, lithograph, third state of five. English. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
- Musée du Louvre, Hamlet et Horatio au cimetière, 1839, RF 1942, oil on canvas, 82 × 65 cm. French. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
- National Gallery, London, Ovid among the Scythians, 1859, NG6262, oil on canvas, 87.6 × 130.2 cm. English. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
- Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, The Abduction of Rebecca, Eugène Louis Lami, 1873, 88.341. Comparative attribution correction; not a Delacroix work. English. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
- The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Devotion to Drawing: The Karen B. Cohen Collection of Eugène Delacroix, 2018 exhibition overview. English. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
- New York Public Library, Print Collection: Print Glossary, definitions of impression, state, edition and processes. English. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
- Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, CAMEO, Lithograph, planographic printing glossary. English. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
- Musée Eugène-Delacroix, Delacroix and colour, 5 July 2022, collection article. English. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
- Musée du Louvre, Eugène Delacroix: artist biography. French. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
- Eugène Delacroix / Philippe Burty, editor, Lettres (1815–1863), Paris: A. Quantin, 1878, pp. 120–121; the published extract of 25 January 1832 and opening of 8 February. French. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
- The Metropolitan Museum of Art, A Wall Decorated in Spanish Tiles, 1832, 2013.1135.16; collection record. English. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
- National Gallery of Art, Washington, Mephistopheles in the Air, 1828, 1994.60.13; first state of five. English. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
- The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Hamlet Sees the Ghost of His Father on the Terrace, 1843, 22.56.7; first state of five. English. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
- Eugène Delacroix / Paul Flat and René Piot, editors, Journal, 22 June 1863; Paris: Plon, 1893, volume III, page 438. French. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
- Musée du Louvre, Apollo Slays Python, 1850–51; INV 3818. Collection record. French. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
- Sotheby’s, A Turkish Man on a Grey Horse, catalogued under Eugène Delacroix; sale N07716, 2001, lot 20. English. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.


