Jules Dried by His Mother; provisionally identified composition — qualified identification; original catalogue illustration unexamined. Buy Art Prints Now
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Tom Gurney BSc (Hons) is an art history expert with over 20 years experience
Published on June 19, 2020 / Updated on November 2, 2026
Email: tomgurney1@gmail.com / Phone: +44 7429 011000

Jules Being Dried by His Mother by Mary Cassatt: Introduction

A child stands at the left of a seated woman, with a large white towel gathered around the lower body. The woman’s yellow-and-white patterned wrapper fills much of the right side. Her face turns towards the child, while the child looks more nearly out of the picture. Drying becomes a composition of upright and seated bodies, supporting hands and overlapping cloth.

This image is provisionally identified with Jules Dried by His Mother, number 332 in Adelyn Dohme Breeskin’s 1970 catalogue. Publicly available snippets describe a standing, dark-haired child and a large white towel, and give the date 1901 and medium oil on canvas. Those details support the identification, but the original catalogue illustration and complete entry have not been inspected. The date and medium are therefore presented with that qualification; dimensions, current owner and complete provenance remain unestablished here. [1]

At a Glance

  • ArtistMary Cassatt; qualified identification [1]
  • TitleJules Dried by His Mother; provisionally identified composition [1]
  • Date1901, following catalogue text [1]
  • MediumOil on canvas, following catalogue text [1]
  • CatalogueQualified identification with Breeskin 1970 no. 332 [1]
  • DimensionsNot independently established
  • Present locationNot independently established

This work across Mary Cassatt’s career

Contents

  1. Standing beside a seated adult
  2. The towel and the patterned wrapper
  3. Why similar titles need care
  4. Washing, drying and looking in a mirror
  5. What to look for first

Standing beside a seated adult

The child’s body forms the clearest vertical in the left half. Head, torso and arms can be followed down towards the towel, whose light folds continue the figure towards the lower edge. The adult occupies a broader, more angled shape. Her upper body leans towards the child while her seated lower body extends towards the right.

That difference in posture gives each figure a distinct role. The child’s near-frontality makes the torso conspicuous, while the woman’s turned head brings her attention across the space between them. Their faces remain close without sharing exactly the same direction. The scene can feel connected even though the child is not looking directly back at the adult.

The woman’s extended forearm crosses the lower centre. At its end, her hand meets the towel beside the child’s body. The arm joins an area of exposed skin to an area of pale cloth, helping the viewer understand how the drying action works. It also creates a broad crosswise movement against the child’s upright torso.

The child’s lowered hands remain near the towel rather than reaching around the woman’s neck. That position distinguishes the scene from a conventional embrace. Care is communicated through a practical task, with the cloth and the adult’s handling of it carrying much of the relationship. The figures do not need to exchange a kiss for their physical dependence to become visible.

The standing pose also makes balance a central concern. We see the child’s lower body partly concealed by fabric, rather than a complete exposed stance that explains every point of support. The adult’s proximity and hand placement hold the arrangement together. The painting invites attention to those contacts without allowing an exact reconstruction of the pose from every angle.

The towel and the patterned wrapper

The white towel is the largest light object apart from the child’s body. At the left it falls in long folds; nearer the centre it gathers against the figure and beneath the woman’s hand. Those changes in direction give the cloth a role in describing both the action and the space occupied by the two people.

The wrapper behaves differently. Yellow marks, pale areas and small green accents create a busy surface that expands around the woman’s shoulder, sleeve and seated form. Where the sleeve meets the forearm, the change from patterned cloth to skin clarifies the bend of the arm. Lower down, the material spreads towards the right edge, balancing the towel’s fall on the opposite side.

The contrast between the textiles is more useful than treating them as interchangeable signs of domestic comfort. The towel describes a task through its position around the child. The wrapper describes the adult’s volume through folds and pattern. Both are pale, but their different marks prevent the lower half from becoming one undifferentiated area of white.

Behind the heads, the darker field makes faces and shoulders stand forward. A pale vertical division appears above and behind the woman, providing a straighter line than the curved bodies and folded fabrics. It suggests a constructed interior without identifying a particular room. The background remains subordinate to the close arrangement in front of it.

Colour also separates the upper and lower parts. Dark hair marks both heads, warm skin connects faces with the exposed torso and forearm, and brighter yellow pattern spreads through the woman’s clothing. These relationships can be described from the image. They do not identify particular pigments, a sequence of painted layers or the amount of time spent on a sitting.

Why similar titles need care

Cassatt’s bathing subjects include several works associated with the name Jules. A shared name and a drying or bathing title do not make them one composition. The number 332 attached to this qualified identification should therefore be kept separate from neighbouring catalogue numbers and their histories. The standing child and large towel in Breeskin’s available description are the relevant textual features here. [1]

The title also needs to be distinguished from a verified account of the models. It supplies a conventional family description, but this identification does not establish the adult’s name or prove biological motherhood. There is no secure basis here for extending it into a conversation, a forthcoming appointment or an account of the woman’s private life.

The picture’s specificity comes instead from observable differences: standing and sitting, looking outward and looking across, exposed body and patterned cloth. Each distinction helps explain what Cassatt has arranged. Naming an undocumented event would add a story while doing little to clarify these choices.

Watch: Mary Cassatt

Choose a film to explore the artist’s work, its interpretation and its wider setting.

Washing, drying and looking in a mirror

The Child’s Bath offers a clear contrast. The Art Institute of Chicago dates that oil painting to 1893. An adult supports a seated child while washing a foot in a basin, and the higher viewpoint makes patterned surfaces particularly conspicuous. Its action takes place below the figures’ heads, drawing their attention downwards. [11]

In the drying composition, the child is upright and the adult’s turned face remains close to the child’s head. The towel extends through a larger vertical area than the basin occupies in The Child’s Bath. Comparing the two shows how different stages of bodily care can organise a picture differently, without establishing that Cassatt intended them as a narrative pair.

The Metropolitan Museum’s Mother and Child (The Oval Mirror), dated about 1899, supplies another arrangement of a supported upright child. A mirror surrounds and reflects the child’s head, adding a second view to the grouping. In the drying scene, the dark background and pale vertical panel provide no comparable reflected head; attention stays with the actual bodies and towel. [15] The oval-mirror composition consequently raises a different question about how a figure is seen.

A shorter comparison with the pastel A Goodnight Hug makes the orientation still clearer. There, nested heads and enclosing arms extend across a horizontal format. Here, the upright child and falling towel give the embrace of care a longer vertical structure. The pastel’s title does not supply evidence for an actual bedtime episode in this oil. [16]

The Child’s Bath, 1893.
The Child’s Bath, 1893. Art Institute of Chicago. Image source. Public domain. Resized only; whole composition retained.

Mother and Child (The Oval Mirror).
Mother and Child (The Oval Mirror).

What to look for first

Begin with the adult’s hand where skin, towel and the child’s body meet. Then follow the forearm back through the patterned sleeve to her turned face. That route connects the practical action with her attention. Looking next at the child’s more outward-facing head reveals that the two figures remain linked without mirroring each other’s gaze.

The qualified identification leaves some historical questions open, but the composition itself gives the viewer substantial things to examine. Weight, direction, touch and the difference between the two textiles make this a particular arrangement of care, rather than a generic illustration of bathing.

Cassatt artworks and studies

A source-bounded directory of documented works and studies, including the works in the National Gallery’s 2026 checklist and one clearly marked former attribution. Different print impressions are grouped by design and remain searchable by their recorded accessions. This is not a complete catalogue raisonné. Unlinked titles have no individual article here.

99 records

NameDateMedium
A Child’s Bath — LACMA oil1880Oil on canvas
A Goodnight Hug1880Pastel
After the Bullfight1873Oil on canvas
Afternoon Tea Party1890–91Colour print
At the Theatre (Lydia Cassatt Leaning on Her Arms, Seated in a Loge)About 1879Pastel
Automne, portrait de Lydia Cassatt1880Oil on canvas
Breakfast in Bed1897Oil on canvas
Bust of Ellen with Bows in Her Hair1898Pastel
By the PondAbout 1896 in Met and Terra records; about 1898 at MoMANot established
Child Drinking Milk from a Bowl; provisionally identified composition (qualified identification)About 1890, following inventory and catalogue textPastel
Child in a Straw HatAbout 1886Oil on canvas
Child Picking a Fruit1893Oil on canvas
Children Playing on the Beach1884Oil on canvas
Clarissa, Turned Left, with Her Hand to Her EarAbout 1890–93 in Sotheby’s 2012 entry; about 1893 in GCMA noticePastel
Denise at her Dressing TableAbout 1908–09Oil on canvas
Driving1881Oil on canvas
Eddy Cassatt (Edward Buchanan Cassatt)1875Oil on canvas
Ellen Mary Cassatt in a White CoatAbout 1896Oil on canvas
Emmie and her ChildAbout 1890Oil on canvas
Gathering FruitAbout 1893Not established
Girl Arranging her Hair1886Oil on canvas
Head of a Child with a Red Hat1903, signed and datedPastel
Head of a Woman in a Large HatAbout 1909Pastel
Head of Simone in a Green Bonnet with Wavy BrimAbout 1904Pastel
In the Garden1903 or 1904Oil on canvas
In the Loge1878Oil on canvas
In the Omnibus1890–91Colour print
In the Omnibus [recto] — preparatory drawingc. 1891Chalk and graphite
In the Opera Box (No. 3) [recto] — preparatory drawing1880Graphite
In the Opera Box (No. 3) — printc. 1880Intaglio print
Jeune fille au jardin (Young Woman Sewing in a Garden)1880–82Oil on canvas
Jules Dried by His Mother; provisionally identified composition (qualified identification)1901, following catalogue textOil on canvas
Lady in Black, in a Loge, Facing Rightc. 1880Etching
Lilacs in a WindowAbout 1880–83Oil on canvas
Little Girl in a Blue Armchair1878Oil on canvas
Louise Nursing her Child1899 in Luxembourg caption; 1898–99 in loan and Arp recordsPastel
Madame Gaillard and Her Daughter Marie-Thérèse1897, Reynolda collection listingPastel
Maternal Caress1890–91Not established
Maternal Caress — preparatory drawingAbout 1891Charcoal and graphite
Mathilde Holding a Baby Who Reaches out to the RightAbout 1889, Christie’s cataloguePastel
Mimi as a Brunettec. 1889Drypoint
Mimi Holding a Japanese Fanc. 1889Drypoint
Modern Woman1892–93; displayed in 1893Not established
Mother about to Wash her Sleepy Child1880Oil on canvas
Mother and Child (Maternal Kiss)1896Pastel
Mother and Child (Nude Dark-Eyed Little Girl with Mother in Patterned Wrapper)About 1898–99, Sotheby’s cataloguePastel
Mother and Child (The Oval Mirror)About 1899Oil on canvas
Mother Berthe Holding Her Nude Baby1898–99Pastel
Mother in Purple Holding her ChildAbout 1914, Christie’s cataloguePastel
Mother Playing with ChildAbout 1897Pastel
Mother’s Kiss1890–91Colour print
Nurse Reading to a Little Girl1895Pastel
Poppies in a Field (formerly Cassatt; attributed to Victor Gabriel Gilbert)About 1880, current museum recordOil on panel
Portrait of an Elderly Ladyc. 1887Oil on canvas
Portrait of Madame AF Aude and her Two Daughters1899, Breeskin 1970 exhibition cataloguePastel
Portrait of the Artist1878Watercolour and gouache
Reading Le Figaro1878, NGA 2026 checklist; about 1877–78 in SAAM’s 2015 captionOil on canvas
Reflection — drypointc. 1890Drypoint
Sara Holding a CatAbout 1907–08Oil on canvas
Sara in a Green BonnetAbout 1901Oil on canvas
Sara with Her Dog, in an Armchair, Wearing a Bonnet with a Plum Ornament1901Pastel
Self PortraitAbout 1880Watercolour and gouache
Simone in Blue Plumed HatAbout 1903Pastel
Simone Seated on the Grass next to her Mother1901–02Pastel
Sketch of Master St. PierreDate not establishedPastel
Sleepy BabyAbout 1910Pastel
Smiling Mother with Sober Faced ChildDate not establishedPastel
Spanish Dancer Wearing a Lace Mantilla1873Oil on canvas
Summertime, horizontal painting1894–95, current Sotheby’s catalogueOil on canvas
Tea — printc. 1890Drypoint
The Bath1890–91Not established
The Boating Party1893–94Oil on canvas
The Caress1902Oil on canvas
The Child's Bath1893Oil on canvas
The Coiffure1890–91Colour print
The Cup of TeaAbout 1880–81Oil on canvas
The Fitting1890–91Colour print
The Lamp1890–91Colour print
The Letter1890–91Colour print
The LogeAbout 1878–1880Oil on canvas
The Mandolin Player1868Oil on canvas
The Manicure (Les Ongles; The Nails)About 1908Intaglio print
The Tea; Le ThéAbout 1880Oil on canvas
The Visitorc. 1880Intaglio print
Two Sisters1896Pastel
Two Women Seated by a Woodland StreamAbout 1869Oil on canvas
Two Women Throwing Flowers During Carnival1872Oil on canvas
Under the Horse-Chestnut Tree1896–97, National Gallery and MoMA recordsNot established
Woman Bathing (La Toilette)1890–91Colour print
Woman in a Loge (Woman with a Pearl Necklace)1879Oil on canvas
Woman Reading1878–79Oil on canvas
Woman Standing, Holding a Fan1878–79Distemper
Woman with a Fanc. 1878–1879Oil on canvas
Woman with a Red Zinnia1891Oil on canvas
Woman with a SunflowerAbout 1905Oil on canvas
Young Girl at a Windowc. 1883–1884Oil on canvas
Young Girl with Brown Hair, Looking LeftAbout 1913 (1997 summary catalogue)Pastel
Young Mother Sewing1900Oil on canvas
Young Woman in Green, Outdoors in the SunAbout 1914Oil on canvas

Discussion

Look again at the images and ideas explored in Jules Being Dried by His Mother by Mary Cassatt. These editorial prompts invite your observations.

Reader Insights

Editorial prompt · Look closely

A child stands at the left of a seated woman, with a large white towel gathered around the lower body. What does this first detail make you notice?

Editorial prompt · Consider the evidence

The child’s body forms the clearest vertical in the left half. How does it affect your reading of the whole work?

Editorial prompt · Your view

How does the towel change the relationship between the standing child and the seated adult?

Join the Conversation

Share a detail, comparison or question about Jules Being Dried by His Mother by Mary Cassatt below.

References

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