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by
Tom Gurney BSc (Hons) is an art history expert with over 20 years experience
Published on June 19, 2020 / Updated on November 2, 2026
Email: tomgurney1@gmail.com / Phone: +44 7429 011000

Sara in a Green Bonnet by Mary Cassatt: Introduction

The bonnet seems almost to surround the entire small face. Green fabric rises above the head, pale flowers gather at the right, and broad ribbons descend beneath the chin. Warm golden sleeves provide a strong contrast below. Cassatt makes the clothing conspicuous while keeping the child’s eyes and mouth distinct within it.

The Smithsonian American Art Museum dates Sara in a Green Bonnet to about 1901. It is an oil on canvas, measuring 42 × 34.5 centimetres, and belongs to the museum as the gift of John Gellatly, accession 1929.6.11. The museum spells the sitter’s first name Sara. [1]

The picture is a compact study of unequal scales. A small face occupies the opening of a large piece of headwear, and long ribbons extend its green colour down the torso. The costume frames the portrait, but also becomes a major subject of the painting’s colour and brushwork.

At a Glance

  • ArtistMary Cassatt [1]
  • Museum titleSara in a Green Bonnet [1]
  • DateAbout 1901 [1]
  • MediumOil on canvas [1]
  • Dimensions42 × 34.5 cm [1]
  • CollectionSmithsonian American Art Museum [1]
  • Accession1929.6.11 [1]
  • CreditGift of John Gellatly [1]
  • SitterSara, fuller identity unconfirmed [1]

This work across Mary Cassatt’s career

Contents

  1. A small face within a large opening
  2. The bonnet’s height and floral decoration
  3. Ribbons that extend the green downward
  4. Golden sleeves and a pale collar
  5. An oil painting against a muted field
  6. Sara’s name and the collection credit
  7. Simone’s green bonnet: another sitter and medium

A small face within a large opening

The face turns almost frontally, while the eyes glance towards the left. That slight difference between head and gaze gives the child a presence beyond a simple symmetrical pose. The bonnet’s opening remains broadly rounded, but the eyes introduce a small sideways direction within it.

Warm pink passages shape cheeks and nose. Cooler and paler notes distinguish forehead, chin and the area around the mouth. The modelling is relatively concentrated, especially beside the broader marks in the hat. The face remains legible without needing the strongest colours in the picture.

Reddish-brown hair curves across the forehead and down the sides. It supplies a warm boundary between skin and green headwear. The hair is a smaller intermediate shape within the much larger bonnet, helping the viewer move from broad silhouette to individual features.

The expression can sustain different responses, but it does not establish a temperament. A slight glance and a small closed mouth are visible facts of the pose; a story about shyness, obedience or an exact incident would require something more. Cassatt gives the sitter specificity through the relationship between these features and the surrounding costume.

The bonnet’s height and floral decoration

The upper part of the bonnet rises well beyond the head. Its broad green surface contains lighter edges, darker folds and short angular strokes. The crown has its own volume rather than functioning as a flat patch behind the face.

At the right, pale flowers interrupt the green. Their petals are indicated through light, loose marks, with deeper green accents between them. The cluster changes the silhouette of the headwear and gives one side more activity than the other. It also introduces a small repetition of pale colour above the collar.

The brim curves closely around the face. Its inner light edge separates the child’s hair from the more saturated green outside. This makes the opening clear even where individual marks remain visible. The hat’s size is emphatic, but its construction still helps direct attention inward.

The floral decoration need not be assigned a botanical species to perform this role. Its main visible contribution is a change in colour, texture and outline. Nor does an elaborate bonnet establish ownership, social rank or a recorded outing. Those are different questions from how the costume operates in the image.

Ribbons that extend the green downward

The ribbons beneath the chin are unusually broad. One crosses the upper chest while the other descends farther along the torso. Their shapes carry the bonnet’s colour into the lower part of the portrait, creating a continuous relationship between headwear and body.

Light and dark strokes describe the folds. Some curve around a bulge in the fabric; others run along a longer hanging edge. The green changes in value and temperature, so the ribbons remain active surfaces rather than two identical strips.

Their scale matters to the composition. The child’s face is small, but the costume spreads through much of the available canvas. Following the ribbons down allows the eye to leave the head without losing connection to it. They bind the upper and lower colour areas together.

The ribbons also divide the warm clothing below. Green interrupts gold and orange, making strong neighbouring contrasts. This arrangement gives the portrait much of its immediate force before a viewer examines a flower petal or a small facial transition.

Golden sleeves and a pale collar

The short puffed sleeves form rounded warm shapes at both sides. Orange, gold and brown strokes turn around them, with darker marks indicating folds. Their breadth balances the bonnet’s large upper form and gives the shoulders a clear presence.

A pale collar lies between the green ribbons and warm sleeves. Its light, broken marks separate the child’s neck from the more saturated clothing. The collar also echoes the flowers above, so small areas of pale colour recur at different heights within the portrait.

The exposed upper arms appear at the lower sides. Their skin is described more continuously than some passages of the garment, helping distinguish body from costume. The crop keeps the emphasis on face, headwear and shoulders rather than on an entire standing figure.

Different kinds of mark coexist across these areas. The face has relatively small transitions; the sleeves retain stronger directional strokes; the flowers are built from loose pale accents. The image’s coherence depends on their relationship rather than on giving every surface the same degree of finish.

Watch: Mary Cassatt

Choose a film to explore the artist’s work, its interpretation and its wider setting.

An oil painting against a muted field

The background is comparatively quiet, with grey-green and brownish passages surrounding the bonnet and shoulders. It contains visible brushwork but little detailed setting. Its role is chiefly to distinguish the strong costume colours and make the outline readable.

That simplicity concentrates the portrait. There is no prominent object outside the figure that redirects attention into a separate narrative. The eye moves instead between face, flowers, ribbons and sleeves. The costume supplies most of the image’s internal variety.

The medium remains oil on canvas, as the owning museum records. Open or emphatic brushstrokes do not make it a pastel. Nor can the green surface be used to identify a particular pigment or conservation treatment from appearance alone. [1]

For a viewer, the useful distinction is between visible handling and a scientific account of materials. We can follow strokes and folds without diagnosing a recipe. The painting offers a specific combination of close facial description and broader costume marks in an oil medium.

Sara’s name and the collection credit

The museum’s subject index names Sara while leaving her fuller identity unidentified. Its first-name title therefore should not be expanded into a certain family history. The spelling Sarah, encountered in some reproductions, does not establish a different child or a second version of this particular portrait. [1]

The John Gellatly gift credit explains the painting’s museum acquisition. It does not identify an original commission or supply a complete sequence of earlier owners. A collector’s name and a sitter’s first name answer different questions about the object.

The portrait remains specific without those additions. The flowered bonnet, broad ribbons, warm sleeves and sideways glance distinguish it from other child portraits. Those visible features are a sound basis for identifying the image when titles or spellings vary.

Simone’s green bonnet: another sitter and medium

Head of Simone in a Green Bonnet with Wavy Brim provides a useful comparison. Sotheby’s 2005 catalogue, available in a syndicated entry on Invaluable, describes that separate work as pastel on paper, made about 1904. [15]

Its brim moves in a pronounced wave, hanging lower on one side and rising on the other. A dark neckband and lightly indicated torso give the head a different surround. More open paper remains below the face, so the balance between described head and surrounding surface is unlike the fuller costume here.

Sara’s oil uses floral decoration and long green ribbons to extend the headwear down into the body. Simone’s pastel makes the brim’s irregular silhouette more dominant. Similar green headwear therefore leads to different structures, in different media, around separately titled sitters.

The broader discussion of Cassatt’s drawings and pastels considers that range of handling on paper. It should not turn Sara’s oil into a pastel or import another sheet’s paper history. The comparison is clearest when each object keeps its own medium, support and identity.

Returning to the Smithsonian painting, the large bonnet does not overwhelm the face. It creates a coloured enclosure within which a small glance remains distinct. The long ribbons and warm sleeves carry that arrangement through the rest of the canvas, making costume and likeness work together.

Head of Simone in a Green Bonnet with Wavy Brim.
Head of Simone in a Green Bonnet with Wavy Brim.

Cassatt artworks and studies

A source-bounded directory of documented works and studies, including the works in the National Gallery’s 2026 checklist and one clearly marked former attribution. Different print impressions are grouped by design and remain searchable by their recorded accessions. This is not a complete catalogue raisonné. Unlinked titles have no individual article here.

99 records

NameDateMedium
A Child’s Bath — LACMA oil1880Oil on canvas
A Goodnight Hug1880Pastel
After the Bullfight1873Oil on canvas
Afternoon Tea Party1890–91Colour print
At the Theatre (Lydia Cassatt Leaning on Her Arms, Seated in a Loge)About 1879Pastel
Automne, portrait de Lydia Cassatt1880Oil on canvas
Breakfast in Bed1897Oil on canvas
Bust of Ellen with Bows in Her Hair1898Pastel
By the PondAbout 1896 in Met and Terra records; about 1898 at MoMANot established
Child Drinking Milk from a Bowl; provisionally identified composition (qualified identification)About 1890, following inventory and catalogue textPastel
Child in a Straw HatAbout 1886Oil on canvas
Child Picking a Fruit1893Oil on canvas
Children Playing on the Beach1884Oil on canvas
Clarissa, Turned Left, with Her Hand to Her EarAbout 1890–93 in Sotheby’s 2012 entry; about 1893 in GCMA noticePastel
Denise at her Dressing TableAbout 1908–09Oil on canvas
Driving1881Oil on canvas
Eddy Cassatt (Edward Buchanan Cassatt)1875Oil on canvas
Ellen Mary Cassatt in a White CoatAbout 1896Oil on canvas
Emmie and her ChildAbout 1890Oil on canvas
Gathering FruitAbout 1893Not established
Girl Arranging her Hair1886Oil on canvas
Head of a Child with a Red Hat1903, signed and datedPastel
Head of a Woman in a Large HatAbout 1909Pastel
Head of Simone in a Green Bonnet with Wavy BrimAbout 1904Pastel
In the Garden1903 or 1904Oil on canvas
In the Loge1878Oil on canvas
In the Omnibus1890–91Colour print
In the Omnibus [recto] — preparatory drawingc. 1891Chalk and graphite
In the Opera Box (No. 3) [recto] — preparatory drawing1880Graphite
In the Opera Box (No. 3) — printc. 1880Intaglio print
Jeune fille au jardin (Young Woman Sewing in a Garden)1880–82Oil on canvas
Jules Dried by His Mother; provisionally identified composition (qualified identification)1901, following catalogue textOil on canvas
Lady in Black, in a Loge, Facing Rightc. 1880Etching
Lilacs in a WindowAbout 1880–83Oil on canvas
Little Girl in a Blue Armchair1878Oil on canvas
Louise Nursing her Child1899 in Luxembourg caption; 1898–99 in loan and Arp recordsPastel
Madame Gaillard and Her Daughter Marie-Thérèse1897, Reynolda collection listingPastel
Maternal Caress1890–91Not established
Maternal Caress — preparatory drawingAbout 1891Charcoal and graphite
Mathilde Holding a Baby Who Reaches out to the RightAbout 1889, Christie’s cataloguePastel
Mimi as a Brunettec. 1889Drypoint
Mimi Holding a Japanese Fanc. 1889Drypoint
Modern Woman1892–93; displayed in 1893Not established
Mother about to Wash her Sleepy Child1880Oil on canvas
Mother and Child (Maternal Kiss)1896Pastel
Mother and Child (Nude Dark-Eyed Little Girl with Mother in Patterned Wrapper)About 1898–99, Sotheby’s cataloguePastel
Mother and Child (The Oval Mirror)About 1899Oil on canvas
Mother Berthe Holding Her Nude Baby1898–99Pastel
Mother in Purple Holding her ChildAbout 1914, Christie’s cataloguePastel
Mother Playing with ChildAbout 1897Pastel
Mother’s Kiss1890–91Colour print
Nurse Reading to a Little Girl1895Pastel
Poppies in a Field (formerly Cassatt; attributed to Victor Gabriel Gilbert)About 1880, current museum recordOil on panel
Portrait of an Elderly Ladyc. 1887Oil on canvas
Portrait of Madame AF Aude and her Two Daughters1899, Breeskin 1970 exhibition cataloguePastel
Portrait of the Artist1878Watercolour and gouache
Reading Le Figaro1878, NGA 2026 checklist; about 1877–78 in SAAM’s 2015 captionOil on canvas
Reflection — drypointc. 1890Drypoint
Sara Holding a CatAbout 1907–08Oil on canvas
Sara in a Green BonnetAbout 1901Oil on canvas
Sara with Her Dog, in an Armchair, Wearing a Bonnet with a Plum Ornament1901Pastel
Self PortraitAbout 1880Watercolour and gouache
Simone in Blue Plumed HatAbout 1903Pastel
Simone Seated on the Grass next to her Mother1901–02Pastel
Sketch of Master St. PierreDate not establishedPastel
Sleepy BabyAbout 1910Pastel
Smiling Mother with Sober Faced ChildDate not establishedPastel
Spanish Dancer Wearing a Lace Mantilla1873Oil on canvas
Summertime, horizontal painting1894–95, current Sotheby’s catalogueOil on canvas
Tea — printc. 1890Drypoint
The Bath1890–91Not established
The Boating Party1893–94Oil on canvas
The Caress1902Oil on canvas
The Child's Bath1893Oil on canvas
The Coiffure1890–91Colour print
The Cup of TeaAbout 1880–81Oil on canvas
The Fitting1890–91Colour print
The Lamp1890–91Colour print
The Letter1890–91Colour print
The LogeAbout 1878–1880Oil on canvas
The Mandolin Player1868Oil on canvas
The Manicure (Les Ongles; The Nails)About 1908Intaglio print
The Tea; Le ThéAbout 1880Oil on canvas
The Visitorc. 1880Intaglio print
Two Sisters1896Pastel
Two Women Seated by a Woodland StreamAbout 1869Oil on canvas
Two Women Throwing Flowers During Carnival1872Oil on canvas
Under the Horse-Chestnut Tree1896–97, National Gallery and MoMA recordsNot established
Woman Bathing (La Toilette)1890–91Colour print
Woman in a Loge (Woman with a Pearl Necklace)1879Oil on canvas
Woman Reading1878–79Oil on canvas
Woman Standing, Holding a Fan1878–79Distemper
Woman with a Fanc. 1878–1879Oil on canvas
Woman with a Red Zinnia1891Oil on canvas
Woman with a SunflowerAbout 1905Oil on canvas
Young Girl at a Windowc. 1883–1884Oil on canvas
Young Girl with Brown Hair, Looking LeftAbout 1913 (1997 summary catalogue)Pastel
Young Mother Sewing1900Oil on canvas
Young Woman in Green, Outdoors in the SunAbout 1914Oil on canvas

Discussion

Look again at the images and ideas explored in Sara in a Green Bonnet by Mary Cassatt. These editorial prompts invite your observations.

Reader Insights

Editorial prompt · Look closely

The bonnet seems almost to surround the entire small face. What does this first detail make you notice?

Editorial prompt · Consider the evidence

The face turns almost frontally, while the eyes glance towards the left. How does it affect your reading of the whole work?

Editorial prompt · Your view

How do the long ribbons make the bonnet part of the whole portrait rather than only a frame around the face?

Join the Conversation

Share a detail, comparison or question about Sara in a Green Bonnet by Mary Cassatt below.

References

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