The Italian Theatre, 13 August 1821, lithograph. The Metropolitan Museum of Art; 2004.198. Printed by Charles Motte. Buy Art Prints Now
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Tom Gurney BSc (Hons) is an art history expert with over 20 years experience
Published on June 19, 2020 / Updated on October 30, 2026
Email: tomgurney1@gmail.com / Phone: +44 7429 011000

The Italian Theatre: Introduction

Gioacchino Rossini has become a theatre’s entire supporting structure. His feet spread towards the lower corners of Eugène Delacroix’s The Italian Theatre, while his upturned hands carry two miniature figures and a third stands on his hair. Music spills from his clothing. The arrangement is absurd, but its broad foundation makes it look surprisingly secure. Delacroix turns the idea of a composer sustaining an institution into a physical feat, then lets the differences between the four bodies supply the comedy.

The Metropolitan Museum of Art’s impression, accession 2004.198, is a lithograph on paper dated 13 August 1821, printed by Charles Motte. Its sheet measures 25.6 × 18.6 cm. The museum identifies the central figure as Rossini and the three characters above him as Otello, Rosina and Figaro. Otello is the operatic Othello: these are roles gathered into a caricature, rather than people recorded in an actual balancing act.[1]

At a Glance

  • Date13 August 1821 [1]
  • MediumLithograph; printed by Charles Motte [1]
  • DimensionsSheet: 25.6 × 18.6 cm [1]
  • Collection / recordThe Metropolitan Museum of Art; 2004.198 [1]

This work across Eugène Delacroix’s career

Contents

  1. A theatre balanced on one man
  2. Public comedy and theatrical allegiance
  3. From the drawing to the printed sheet
  4. The institution that cannot support itself
  5. Annotated details

A theatre balanced on one man

Rossini occupies most of the lower half of the image. The open angle of his legs creates a triangle whose base almost spans the enclosing rectangle. His shoes touch a floor marked with boards, grain and small dark knots. This shallow strip of recognisable ground gives the extraordinary structure a practical footing. With his feet planted so far apart, he appears to have made room for the weight above him before the viewer has even examined it.

His upper body is less symmetrical. One elbow bends outward almost at a right angle; the other arm climbs more steeply. His head inclines towards the viewer’s right, below the raised shoulder, and his eyes turn downwards. The angular face and elaborate sweep of hair give this living pedestal an individual presence. Yet the small bodies above him remain conspicuously upright despite his sloping shoulders and unequal arms.

The sharply cut coat opens around a pale waistcoat and fitted breeches; its tails hang between the spread legs. Rolled scores project from the pockets on both sides, while a thick fan of sheets crowds his chest. Their visible musical notation identifies the bulky paper as the composer’s stock of work. The protruding rolls also interrupt the outline of his torso. His productivity takes up space: it makes his already substantial presence broader and more cumbersome.

Delacroix does not give the figures above him a matching bodily scale. Otello, at the left, is a relatively tall, slender military figure, with a moustache, a high plumed headdress, decorated shoulders and voluminous trousers. His free hand rests on his hip. Rosina stands at the centre in a long dress, her narrow waist above a skirt that falls towards Rossini’s curls. Figaro, at the right, has an enormous projecting face over a tiny body. The upper row moves from military display through upright elegance to comic distortion.

Figaro is the most precarious-looking member of the group. One knee rises, his small foot lifts into empty space, and his free arm bends upwards. The enormous head seems too heavy for the short legs beneath it. Nevertheless, Rossini’s open palm supplies a platform under his standing foot. At the opposite side, Otello’s longer figure rises from the other hand with much less agitation. The two platforms make comparable supports for performers who look quite unlike one another.

Rosina links the extremes. Her outstretched arms join hands with both men, forming a chain across the upper portion of the sheet. The joined hands sit below the heads, allowing each silhouette to remain distinct. Below them, Rossini’s raised arms form a second, wider connection. The group therefore holds together in two ways: through the characters’ own contact and through the composer’s support. This double structure gives a theatrical ensemble a visible unity without smoothing away its differences.

Public comedy and theatrical allegiance

The caption beneath the border names the institution, Théâtre Italien. Motte’s printer’s line and the words identifying Le Miroir sit below the image too, anchoring the extravagant bodily fiction in the world of a printed journal. According to the Met, the lithograph appeared in the liberal daily Le Miroir.[1] The named theatre can thus be recognised through a composer, three roles and a pose, without a façade, auditorium or stage set.

Ashley E. Dunn reads this image and Delacroix’s companion Le Grand Opéra as a contest between Parisian theatrical institutions. In her account, Rossini embodies the modern Italian theatre, while the companion print attacks an institution attached to classical forms. She interprets the pair more broadly as an early objection to the dominance of Neoclassical taste.[8] That reading gives the exaggerated proportions a particular force. Rossini’s huge body is comic, yet its size enables the whole company to stand. The distortion can praise his importance even while making him ridiculous.

The blank space around the upper figures helps this praise remain legible. No scenery competes with Otello’s plume, Rosina’s skirt or Figaro’s nose. Their costumes and gestures become sufficient signs of a theatrical world. Below, the densely marked scores crowd Rossini’s body, locating the source of that world’s abundance in his clothing. Above, three separate characters display its variety. The passage from packed paper to distinct performers makes the composition readable as music turned into theatre.

Explore Delacroix on video

An artist overview and a closer look at Liberty Leading the People.

From the drawing to the printed sheet

The Met also holds Delacroix’s preparatory drawing, accession 2004.197, dated 1821. Executed in graphite with brush and brown wash, it measures 26.6 × 19 cm. The museum records red chalk on its reverse as evidence of transfer to the lithographic stone.[9] The visible front of the drawing permits a different comparison: the military figure stands on the right and the huge-headed Figaro on the left, reversing their positions in the print.

The central invention is already present. Rossini spreads his legs, raises both hands and carries the woman above his head. But the drawing’s contours are more tentative and overlapping. His sleeve and shoulder contain several lines where the lithograph presents a firmer boundary. Loops of hair above the forehead remain conspicuously open. Darker shading around the face and washes across the clothing establish weight without the printed sheet’s more continuous network of small marks.

The scores are already a substantial part of his burden. Rolls jut beside his waist, and folded sheets rise across his chest. Their survival into the lithograph matters because the joke depends on more than a large man carrying small characters: he must also be recognisable as their musical provider. In both versions, the paper clutters the place where a conventional portrait might offer a clean view of a fashionable coat. His occupation reshapes his silhouette.

The surrounding paper changes the effect as well. The drawing leaves generous space above the ensemble, and its floor and framing lines remain lightly established. In the print, a firm rectangle contains the action; the upper figures approach its top, and the floorboards fill its lower strip. The performance feels more closely fitted to its enclosure. The reversal and these differences can be seen directly, but they do not by themselves establish every step by which the drawing reached the stone. The recorded chalk belongs to the reverse, not the face visible here.[9]

The Italian Theatre, 1821, graphite with brush and brown wash; recto. The Metropolitan Museum of Art; 2004.197. The outer figures reverse position in the printed composition. Red chalk on the unseen verso is recorded by the museum.
The Italian Theatre, 1821, graphite with brush and brown wash; recto. The Metropolitan Museum of Art; 2004.197. The outer figures reverse position in the printed composition. Red chalk on the unseen verso is recorded by the museum. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Open Access. Image source. CC0 / Public domain. Whole supplied primary image retained, including documentary/support edges; no appearance editing.

The institution that cannot support itself

Delacroix’s Le Grand Opéra makes the significance of Rossini’s stance sharper. The Met dates that lithograph to 26 July 1821; its impression, accession 28.80.4, is the second state of two, on a sheet measuring 27.5 × 21.8 cm. The museum interprets its ageing performer in classical costume as an image of institutional decline.[10] Where Rossini fills his rectangle with a supporting body and three figures overhead, this performer is suspended awkwardly between two long, broom-like crutches.

His wigged head thrusts forward from hunched shoulders. A short tunic exposes the legs, one stretched far towards the left, the other bent and flung backwards. Neither gives him Rossini’s broad purchase on the ground. Instead, the long shafts descend past his body to the floor. The crutches create an open triangle around him, but the apparently vigorous pose depends upon those external props. Its diagonal thrust has the look of movement without convincing independence.

At the left, a tiny violinist stands on a barrel. This small musician and the large performer share the sheet without forming the intimate, joined structure of The Italian Theatre. The violinist has his own raised platform; the performer stretches towards him across a gap. In the Italian group, the supporting hands are part of the composer’s body and the upper characters hold one another. In the companion, instruments, barrel and crutches distribute activity across separate supports.

Seen beside this ungainly figure, Rossini’s spread legs become an argument about what keeps a theatre alive. His scores crowd him, his characters dwarf one another unevenly, and the whole construction remains impossible. Yet its parts cooperate. Delacroix makes that cooperation visible through soles resting on palms, a skirt meeting a crown of hair, and hands clasped across the upper row. The theatrical world above Rossini looks varied and animated because the composer below it can bear the load.

Le Grand Opéra, 26 July 1821, lithograph, second state of two. The Metropolitan Museum of Art; 28.80.4. Long crutches and separated supports contrast with Rossini’s balanced ensemble.
Le Grand Opéra, 26 July 1821, lithograph, second state of two. The Metropolitan Museum of Art; 28.80.4. Long crutches and separated supports contrast with Rossini’s balanced ensemble. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Open Access. Image source. CC0 / Public domain. Whole supplied primary image retained, including documentary/support edges; no appearance editing.

Annotated Details from The Italian Theatre

The numbered points identify visible features discussed in this article. Return from each detail to the whole composition. Each caption identifies the work shown.

The Italian Theatre

The Italian Theatre, 13 August 1821, lithograph. The Metropolitan Museum of Art; 2004.198. Printed by Charles Motte. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Open Access. Image source. CC0 / Public domain. Numbers added to a separate resized overview; detail images are crops of the source reproduction. No colour or perspective changes.

Annotated details from The Italian Theatre by Eugène Delacroix

Le Grand Opéra - Separate 1821 Lithograph

Le Grand Opéra, 26 July 1821, lithograph, second state of two. The Metropolitan Museum of Art; 28.80.4. Long crutches and separated supports contrast with Rossini’s balanced ensemble. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Open Access. Image source. CC0 / Public domain. Numbered overview and detail crops made from the complete source reproduction. Public domain / Met Open Access CC0. Original colour and geometry retained.

Annotated details from Le Grand Opéra - Separate 1821 Lithograph by Eugène Delacroix

The Italian Theatre - Preparatory Recto Drawing

The Italian Theatre, 1821, graphite with brush and brown wash; recto. The Metropolitan Museum of Art; 2004.197. The outer figures reverse position in the printed composition. Red chalk on the unseen verso is recorded by the museum. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Open Access. Image source. CC0 / Public domain. Numbered overview and detail crops made from the complete source reproduction. Public domain / Met Open Access CC0. Original colour and geometry retained.

Annotated details from The Italian Theatre - Preparatory Recto Drawing by Eugène Delacroix

Details from THE ITALIAN THEATRE

Each caption distinguishes the main work from the separate comparison. Compare the numbered details with their positions in the complete reproductions.

The Italian Theatre

1

Three small figures form an upper chain

Linked hands connect the three theatrical characters above Rossini. Their different proportions make the ensemble deliberately improbable.

Three small figures form an upper chain detail from The Italian Theatre by Eugène Delacroix
2

Rossini supports the ensemble with raised hands

Upturned palms and a lowered head gather the smaller figures into a balancing act. His arms spread almost as widely as his stance.

Rossini supports the ensemble with raised hands detail from The Italian Theatre by Eugène Delacroix
3

Scores crowd the composer’s coat

Rolled and folded papers protrude from the coat. The enlarged pockets make musical production visible as a physical burden.

Scores crowd the composer’s coat detail from The Italian Theatre by Eugène Delacroix
4

A wide stance creates the lower support

The legs spread across the floorboards, forming a broad triangle. This stable base holds together the print’s increasingly fragile upper structure.

A wide stance creates the lower support detail from The Italian Theatre by Eugène Delacroix

Le Grand Opéra - Separate 1821 Lithograph

5

A curled head above an awkward body

The large curled head sits above an unevenly supported body. Short marks collect around the face and hair while paler outlines describe the surrounding limbs.

A curled head above an awkward body detail from Le Grand Opéra - Separate 1821 Lithograph by Eugène Delacroix
6

A small performer balances at the left

A small figure stands on a raised support at the left. Its compact body contrasts with the much larger figure stretched between the crutches.

A small performer balances at the left detail from Le Grand Opéra - Separate 1821 Lithograph by Eugène Delacroix
7

Long crutches reach separate points on the ground

Two long crutches descend towards widely separated points on the ground. The sparse open space between them contrasts with the denser short marks used for the uneven ground.

Long crutches reach separate points on the ground detail from Le Grand Opéra - Separate 1821 Lithograph by Eugène Delacroix

The Italian Theatre - Preparatory Recto Drawing

8

Three small figures link their hands

Three small figures form a chain across the top of the drawing. Their connected hands create a light, narrow span above the larger figure below.

Three small figures link their hands detail from The Italian Theatre - Preparatory Recto Drawing by Eugène Delacroix
9

A larger figure lifts both arms

The larger figure raises both arms beneath the smaller performers. Repeated outlines around the hands and sleeves keep the arrangement visibly exploratory.

A larger figure lifts both arms detail from The Italian Theatre - Preparatory Recto Drawing by Eugène Delacroix
10

Widely spread legs form a base

The widely spread legs create a broad base under the raised arms. Long slanting contours lead down to the narrow horizontal lines of the platform.

Widely spread legs form a base detail from The Italian Theatre - Preparatory Recto Drawing by Eugène Delacroix

Artworks directory

Selected documented works by or associated with Eugène Delacroix, with dates, media and collection records distinguished. This is a growing research directory, not a complete catalogue. An unspecified medium appears under All media.

221 records

NameDateMedium
Male Academy Figure: Half‑Length, Side Viewc. 1818–20Oil painting Catalogue.
Female Academy Figure: Seated, Front View (Mademoiselle Rose)c. 1820–23Oil painting Catalogue.
Two Bearded Heads, after Veronese (detail from “The Marriage at Cana”)1820Oil painting Catalogue.
Self‑Portrait as Ravenswoodc.1821Oil painting Catalogue.
Nereid, after Rubens, detail from “The Landing of Maria de Medici at Marseilles”c. 1822Oil painting Catalogue.
Studies of a Damned Man, for “The Barque of Dante”1822Drawing Catalogue.
Head of an Old Greek Woman1824Oil painting Catalogue.
Tasso in the Hospital of St. Anna, Ferrara1824Oil painting Catalogue.
Turk Mounting His Horse1824Aquatint Catalogue.
Portrait of AspasieAbout 1824Oil painting Catalogue.
Sketch after Goya’s “Caprichos”c. 1822–24Drawing Catalogue.
Study of Babouchesc. 1823–24Oil painting Catalogue.
Thales Fielding (1793–1837)c. 1824–25Oil painting Catalogue.
Studies of Bindings, an Oriental Jacket, and Figures after Goyac. 1822–26Oil painting Catalogue.
Study of an Oriental Vestc. 1822–26Drawing Catalogue.
Study of Greek Costumesc. 1823–26Drawing Catalogue.
Christ in the Garden of Olives (The Agony in the Garden)1824–26Oil painting Catalogue.
Reclining Female Nude: Back Viewc. 1824–26Oil painting Catalogue.
Macbeth Consulting the Witches1825Lithograph Catalogue.
Studies of Seven Greek Coins1825Lithograph Catalogue.
Studies of Twelve Greek and Roman Coins1825Lithograph Catalogue.
Mortally Wounded Brigand Quenches His Thirstc.1825Oil painting Catalogue.
Charles VI and Odette de ChampdiversAbout 1825Oil painting Catalogue.
The Duke of Orléans Showing His LoverAbout 1825–26Oil painting Catalogue.
Count Demetrius de Palatiano (1794–1849) in Suliot Costumec. 1825–26Oil painting Catalogue.
Greece on the Ruins of Missolonghi1826Oil painting Catalogue.
Combat of the Giaour and Hassan1826Oil painting Catalogue.
Justinian Drafting His Laws, sketch1826Oil painting Catalogue.
Baron Schwiter (Louis Auguste Schwiter, 1805–1889)1826Lithograph Catalogue.
Louis Auguste Schwiter (1805–1889)1826–30Oil painting Catalogue.
Death of Sardanapalus, sketch1826–27Oil painting Catalogue.
A Lady and Her Valetc. 1826–29Oil painting Catalogue.
Woman with a Parrot1827Oil painting Catalogue.
Seated Turk (possibly Paul Barroilhet, 1805–1871)c. 1827–30Oil painting Catalogue.
A Greek and a Turk in an Interiorlate 1820sWatercolour Catalogue.
Faust (illustrated book)1828Illustrated book Catalogue.
Mephistopheles Flying over the City (Study for “Faust,” plate 1)c. 1825–27Drawing Catalogue.
Faust, plate 1: Mephistopheles Aloft1826/27Lithograph Catalogue.
Faust, plate 2: Faust in His Study1826/27Lithograph Catalogue.
Faust, plate 3: Faust and Wagner1826/27Lithograph Catalogue.
Faust, plate 4: Faust, Wagner, and the Poodle1826/27Lithograph Catalogue.
Faust, plate 5: Mephistopheles Appearing to Faust1826/27Lithograph Catalogue.
Faust, plate 6: Mephistopheles Receiving the Student1826/27Lithograph Catalogue.
Faust and Mephistopheles in the Tavern (Study for “Faust,” plate 7)1825/26Drawing Catalogue.
Faust, plate 7: Mephistopheles in Auerbach’s Tavern1826Lithograph Catalogue.
Faust, Marguerite, and Mephistopheles in the Street (Study for “Faust,” plate 8)c. 1825–27Drawing Catalogue.
Faust, plate 8: Faust Trying to Seduce Marguerite1826/27Lithograph Catalogue.
Faust, plate 9: Mephistopheles Introduces Himself at Martha’s House1827Lithograph Catalogue.
Faust, plate 10: Marguerite at the Spinning Wheel1826/27Lithograph Catalogue.
Faust, plate 11: Duel between Faust and Valentin1826/27Lithograph Catalogue.
Faust, plate 12: Mephistopheles and Faust Fleeing after the Duel1826/27Lithograph Catalogue.
Faust, plate 13: Marguerite in Church1826/27Lithograph Catalogue.
Faust, plate 14: Faust and Mephistopheles in the Harz Mountains1826/27Lithograph Catalogue.
Faust, plate 15: Marguerite’s Ghost Appearing to Faust1826/27Lithograph Catalogue.
Faust, plate 16: Faust and Mephistopheles Galloping on Walpurgis Night1826Lithograph Catalogue.
Faust, plate 17: Faust with Marguerite in Prison1826/27Lithograph Catalogue.
Wild Horse Felled by a Tiger1828Lithograph Catalogue.
Wild Horse Felled by a Tiger1828Watercolour Catalogue.
Wild Horse1828Lithograph Catalogue.
Studies of a Lion (Tours sketchbook)12 February 1824 or 1829Drawing Catalogue.
Sketches of Tigers and Men in Sixteenth‑Century Costumec. 1828–29Watercolour Catalogue.
Nineteen Studies of Heads and Skulls of Lionsc. 1828–30Drawing Catalogue.
Tiger Lying at the Entrance of Its Lairc. 1828–30Etching Catalogue.
The Murder of the Bishop of Liège1829Oil painting Catalogue.
Royal Tiger1829Lithograph Catalogue.
Lion of the Atlas Mountains1829–30Lithograph Catalogue.
Young Tiger Playing with Its Mother (Study of Two Tigers)1830Oil painting Catalogue.
The Battle of Poitiers1830Oil painting Catalogue.
The Battle of Nancy and the Death of Charles the Bold, Duke of Burgundy, January 5, 14771831Oil painting Catalogue.
Boissy d’Anglas at the Convention, sketch1831Oil painting Catalogue.
Interior of a Dominican Convent in Madrid (L’Amende Honorable)1831Oil painting Catalogue.
Jewish Woman of Tangier1832Drawing Catalogue.
Portrait of Schmareck, Tanner at Tangier1832Watercolour Catalogue.
Standing Moroccan1832Watercolour Catalogue.
A Man of Tangier1832Watercolour Catalogue.
Saada, the Wife of Abraham Ben‑Chimol, and Préciada, One of Their Daughters1832Watercolour Catalogue.
Street in Meknes1832Oil painting Catalogue.
Moroccan Military Exercises1832Oil painting Catalogue.
Arab Cavalry Practicing a Charge (Fantaisie Arabe)1833Oil painting Catalogue.
A Blacksmith1833Aquatint Catalogue.
Collision of Arab Horsemen1833/34Oil painting Catalogue.
Figure Study for “The Women of Algiers”1833/34Watercolour Catalogue.
Women of Algiers in Their Apartment1834Oil painting Catalogue.
The Natchez1823–24 and 1835Oil painting Catalogue.
Christ on the Cross1835Oil painting Catalogue.
Hamlet and Horatio in the Graveyard1835Oil painting Catalogue.
Combat of the Giaour and Hassan1835Oil painting Catalogue.
Léon Riesener (1808–1878)1835Oil painting Catalogue.
Madame Henri François Riesener (Félicité Longrois, 1786–1847)1835Oil painting Catalogue.
Saint Sebastian Tended by the Holy Women1836Oil painting Catalogue.
Medea About to Kill Her Children, sketchc. 1836Oil painting Catalogue.
Moroccan Chieftain Receiving Tribute1837Oil painting Catalogue.
Self‑Portrait in a Green Vestc. 1837Oil painting Catalogue.
Medea About to Kill Her Children (Medée furieuse)1838Oil painting Catalogue.
Cleopatra and the Peasant1838Oil painting Catalogue.
Hamlet and Horatio in the Graveyard1839Oil painting Catalogue.
Startled Arabian Horse in a Landscapec. 1835–40Watercolour Catalogue.
The Shipwreck of Don Juan1840Oil painting Catalogue.
Christ on the Lake of Genesareth (Portland version)c. 1853Oil painting Catalogue.
Pietà, first sketchby 1843Oil painting Catalogue.
Pietà, second sketchby 1843Oil painting Catalogue.
Christ on the Cross, sketch1845Oil painting Catalogue.
Christ on the Cross1846Oil painting Catalogue.
Death of Sardanapalus (Philadelphia replica)1844 / 1845–46Oil painting Catalogue.
The Abduction of Rebecca1846Oil painting Catalogue.
The Lamentation (Christ at the Tomb)1847–48Oil painting Catalogue.
Arab Players1848Oil painting Catalogue.
Arch of Morning Glories, study for “Basket of Flowers”1848/49Pastel Catalogue.
Basket of Flowers1848–49Oil painting Catalogue.
Basket of Flowers and Fruit1849Oil painting Catalogue.
Basket of Flowersc. 1848–50Oil painting Catalogue.
Christ at the Columnprobably 1849Oil painting Catalogue.
Landscape at Champrosaypossibly 1849Oil painting Catalogue.
Michelangelo in His StudioAbout1849–50Oil painting Catalogue.
View in the Forest of Sénartc. 1849–50Oil painting Catalogue.
Forest View with an Oak Treec. 1849–50Watercolour Catalogue.
The Triumph of Genius over Envyc. 1849–51Drawing Catalogue.
Jacob Struggling with the Angel1850Drawing Catalogue.
Jacob Wrestling with the Angel1850Drawing Catalogue.
Jacob Wrestling with the Angel1850Oil painting Catalogue.
Sunsetc. 1850Pastel Catalogue.
Apollo Slays the Python, sketchc. 1850Oil painting Catalogue.
Apollo Victorious over the Serpent Python, sketchc. 1850Oil painting Catalogue.
PietàAbout1850Oil painting Catalogue.
The Agony in the Garden1851Oil painting Catalogue.
Study of the Sea1851(?)Watercolour Catalogue.
Marphise1852Oil painting Catalogue.
The Sea at Dieppe1852Oil painting Catalogue.
Christ Asleep during the Tempestc. 1853Oil painting Catalogue.
Saint Stephen Borne Away by His Disciples1853Oil painting Catalogue.
Christ on the Sea of Galilee1854Oil painting Catalogue.
The Sea at Dieppeprobably 1854Watercolour Catalogue.
A Lion and a Tiger, Fightingc. 1854Drawing Catalogue.
Lion Hunt, sketch1854Oil painting Catalogue.
Lion Hunt (fragment)1855Oil painting Catalogue.
Lion Hunt1855–56Oil painting Catalogue.
Hilly Landscapec. 1855Oil painting Catalogue.
The Sultan of Morocco and His Entourage1856Oil painting Catalogue.
The Bride of Abydos (Selim and Zuleika)1857Oil painting Catalogue.
Lamentation over the Body of Christ1857Oil painting Catalogue.
Abduction of Rebecca1858Oil painting Catalogue.
Ovid among the Scythians1859Oil painting Catalogue.
Amadis de Gaule Delivers a Damsel from Galpan’s Castle1859–60Oil painting Catalogue.
Arab Horses Fighting in a Stable1860Oil painting Catalogue.
Shipwreck on the Coast1862Oil painting Catalogue.
The Battle of Taillebourg won by Saint Louis (Château de Versailles)1837Oil on canvas Catalogue.
Christ on the Lake of Gennezaret (Christ Asleep during the Tempest) (The Metropolitan Museum of Art)About 1853Oil on canvas Catalogue.
The Coast of Spain at Salabrena (Christie’s 1998 sale 6059, lot 123)19 January 1832Pen and ink Catalogue.
Crouching Tiger (The Metropolitan Museum of Art)1839Pen and ink Catalogue.
The Education of Achilles (J. Paul Getty Museum)1862Pastel Catalogue.
Fallen Warriors and a Runaway Horse (The Metropolitan Museum of Art)1862Pen and ink Catalogue.
George Sand's Garden at Nohant (The Metropolitan Museum of Art)About 1842–43Oil on canvas Catalogue.
The Giaour on Horseback (The Metropolitan Museum of Art)1824–26Pen and ink Catalogue.
Lion Hunt (Art Institute of Chicago)1860–61; signed 1861Oil on canvas Catalogue.
Figure Studies related to Liberty Leading the People1830Pen and brown ink, brush and brown wash Catalogue.
Chios: Head, Shoulder and Foot Studies1823Graphite Catalogue.
Figure Studies for the Salon du Roi, Palais Bourbon1833–35Pen and iron gall ink Catalogue.
Four Studies of Horses1824–25Pen, ink, black wash and graphite (recto); graphite (verso) Catalogue.
Studies of a Horse and Rider for Heliodorus Driven from the Temple1849–50Pen and iron gall ink, graphite Catalogue.
Liberty Leading the People1830Oil on canvas Catalogue.
Massacre at Chios1824Oil on canvas Catalogue.
Death of Sardanapalus (Louvre original)1827Oil on canvas Catalogue.
Barque of Dante1822Oil painting Catalogue.
Orphan Girl at the Cemetery1824Oil painting Catalogue.
Jacob Wrestling with the Angel (Saint-Sulpice wall painting)Completed 1861Wall painting Catalogue.
Heliodorus Driven from the Temple (Saint-Sulpice wall painting)Completed 1861Wall painting Catalogue.
African Pirates Abducting a Young Woman1852Oil painting Catalogue.
An Arab Horseman at the Gallop1849Oil painting Catalogue.
Arabs Skirmishing in the Mountains1863Oil painting Catalogue.
Moroccan Horseman Crossing a FordAbout 1850Oil painting Catalogue.
A Moroccan (Arab) Saddling a Horse1855Oil painting Catalogue.
The Execution of the Doge Marino Faliero1825–26Oil painting Catalogue.
Christopher Columbus and his Son at La Rábida1838Oil painting Catalogue.
Horse Frightened by Lightning1825–29Watercolour Catalogue.
Horses Leaving the Sea1860Oil painting Catalogue.
Tiger with a Tortoise1862Oil painting Catalogue.
TigerAbout1830Watercolour Catalogue.
Tiger and Snake1862Oil painting Catalogue.
Tiger Hunt1854Oil painting Catalogue.
Lion Hunt in Morocco1854Oil painting Catalogue.
Lion Rending Apart a CorpseAbout1848;historical catalogue placementWatercolour Catalogue.
Frederic Chopin1838Oil painting Catalogue.
Portrait of George Sand1838Oil painting Catalogue.
Portrait of Frédéric Chopin and George Sand1838Oil painting Catalogue.
Mademoiselle RoseAbout 1820Oil painting Catalogue.
Head of a Woman in a Red Turban1831; archive dateOil painting Catalogue.
Two Views of a Standing Indian from CalcuttaAbout 1823–24Oil painting Catalogue.
Last Words of the Emperor Marcus Aurelius1844Oil painting Catalogue.
Entry of the Crusaders in Constantinople1840Oil painting Catalogue.
Medea1862Oil painting Catalogue.
The Death of Laras1858Oil painting Catalogue.
The Bride of AbydosAbout 1852–53; dating disputedOil painting Catalogue.
The Bride of LammermoorAbout1826Watercolour Catalogue.
Cromwell at Windsor Castle1828Oil painting Catalogue.
Milton Dictated to his Daughters the Paradise Lost1827–28Oil painting Catalogue.
Tasso in the Madhouse1839Oil painting Catalogue.
Christ on the Cross1853Oil painting Catalogue.
The Disciples at Emmaus1853Oil painting Catalogue.
The Entombment of ChristNineteenth century; precise date unestablishedOil painting Catalogue.
Fanatics of Tangier1837–38Oil painting Catalogue.
Jewish BrideUndated; Moroccan subject associated with the1832journeyWatercolour Catalogue.
Jewish Wedding in Morocco1839; Salon1841Oil painting Catalogue.
Moroccan Fantasia1847Oil painting Catalogue.
The Sultan of Morocco1845Oil painting Catalogue.
Bouquet of Flowers 18431843Watercolour Catalogue.
Bouquet of Flowers, 18491849Watercolour Catalogue.
Cliffs Near Dieppe1852–55Watercolour Catalogue.
The Edge of a Wood at Nohantc.1842/1843Watercolour Catalogue.
Still Life with Lobsters1826–27Oil on canvas Catalogue.
A Corner of the Studio (attribution disputed)1825–1850; attribution disputedOil on canvas Catalogue.
Study of the Sky at Sunsetc.1849Pastel Catalogue.
Self-Portrait, about 1840c.1840Oil on canvas Catalogue.
Women of Algiers in Their Apartment (1849)1849Oil on canvas Catalogue.
Susanna and the Elders1841Oil on canvas Catalogue.
The Education of Achilles (Drawing)c.1844Graphite Catalogue.
Attila the HunCompleted 1847Mural detail Catalogue.
The Italian Theatre1821Lithograph Catalogue.
A Turkish Man on a Grey HorseUndatedNot specified Catalogue.
Study for The Massacre at ChiosAbout 1823–24Graphite, watercolour and gouache on paper Catalogue.
The Prisoner of Chillon1834; Salon of 1835Oil on canvas Catalogue.
Two Knights Fighting in a LandscapeSecond quarter of the nineteenth century; precise date uncertainOil on canvas; possible later completion Catalogue.

Discussion

Look again at the images and ideas explored in The Italian Theatre. These editorial prompts invite your observations.

Reader Insights

Editorial prompt · Follow the composition

Trace the supports from Rossini’s feet to the three figures above. How does the print turn theatrical success into a balancing act?

Editorial prompt · Look again

Compare Rossini’s stance with the figure on crutches in Le Grand Opéra. How do their bodies carry the satire?

Join the Conversation

Share a detail, comparison or question about The Italian Theatre below.

References

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  54. The National Gallery, London, Louis-Auguste Schwiter, 1826–30, NG 3286; current owner record and in-depth commentary. English. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
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  56. Musée Fabre, Étude d’après le modèle Aspasie, about 1824, 868.1.36; current owner fields and short commentary. French. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
  57. Musées d’Orléans, Head of an Old Greek Woman, study for Chios,1824,96.2.1; full owner record and commentary. French. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
  58. Art Fund, Head of a Woman in Red Turban By Lamplight; archive date1831, rounded dimensions and1962acquisition support; archive cautions record notupdated. English. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
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  77. The Walters Art Museum, Christ on the Sea of Galilee,1854,37.186;oil59.8×73.3cm,currentobjectrecord. English. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
  78. Brooklyn Museum, The Disciples at Emmaus,1853,50.106;oil55.2×47cm,currentobjectrecord. English. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
  79. INHA / Joconde, La Mise au tombeau,copyafterTitian,LyonB286;oil40×55.5cm,nineteenthcentury,currentobjectfields. French. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
  80. Nasjonalmuseet, Oslo, Pietà,about1850,NG.M.01179;oil35.6×27cm,currentobjectrecord. English. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
  81. Minneapolis Institute of Art, Convulsionists of Tangier,1837–38,73.42.3;oil95.57×128.59cm,owner-published collection data. English. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
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  83. Musée du Louvre, Noce juive dans le Maroc,1839,INV3825/LP4737;oil105×140.5cm,Salon1841,currentobjectrecord. French. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
  84. Swiss Federal Office of Culture, Marokkanische Soldaten bei einer Gefechtsübung,1847,SOR1936.3;oil66×82cm,Römerholz,currentobjectrecord. German. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
  85. Musée des Augustins, Toulouse, Moulay Abd-er-Rahman,sultan du Maroc,1845,2004 1 99;oil384×344cm,currentobjectrecord. French. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
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  87. Musée du Louvre, Bouquet de fleurs, 1849, RF 31719, Recto; watercolour, gouache and pastel over black pencil on two joined sheets of grey paper, 65 × 65.4 cm. Current collection record. French. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
  88. Musée Marmottan Monet, Monet collectionneur – Chefs-d’œuvre de sa collection privée, 2017 press dossier, printed p.24 (PDF p.23). Cliffs near Dieppe, 1852–55, watercolour, 20 × 30.7 cm; reproduction and collection history. French. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
  89. National Gallery of Art, Washington, The Edge of a Wood at Nohant, c.1842/1843, accession 1985.16.2; watercolour, 15.5 × 20.5 cm. Current collection record. English. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
  90. Musée du Louvre, La mer vue des hauteurs de Dieppe, RF 1979-46; oil on cardboard glued to wood, 36 × 52 cm. Current collection record; 1852 dating follows the 2018 Delacroix catalogue, no.128. French. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
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  96. Musée Fabre, Femmes d’Alger dans leur intérieur, 1849, 868.1.38, oil on canvas, 85 × 112 cm. French. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
  97. Musée des Beaux-Arts de Lyon, Femme caressant un perroquet, 1827, B 566, oil on canvas, 24.8 × 33 cm. French. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
  98. Palais des Beaux-Arts de Lille, Suzanne et les vieillards, 1841, P 986, oil on canvas, 27 × 35.5 cm. French. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
  99. Kunstmuseum Basel, Ein sterbender Brigant trinkt an einer Quelle, c.1825, 1726, oil on canvas, 32.7 × 40.8 cm. German. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
  100. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, The Education of Achilles, c.1844, 2014.732.3, graphite, 23.6 × 29.7 cm. English. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
  101. Assemblée nationale, Attila and His Hordes Overrun Italy and the Arts, War hemicycle detail, library of the Palais Bourbon, completed 1847, oil and wax on plaster. French. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
  102. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Macbeth Consulting the Witches, 1825, 22.63.19, lithograph, third state of five. English. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
  103. Musée du Louvre, Hamlet et Horatio au cimetière, 1839, RF 1942, oil on canvas, 82 × 65 cm. French. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
  104. National Gallery, London, Ovid among the Scythians, 1859, NG6262, oil on canvas, 87.6 × 130.2 cm. English. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
  105. Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, The Abduction of Rebecca, Eugène Louis Lami, 1873, 88.341. Comparative attribution correction; not a Delacroix work. English. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
  106. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Devotion to Drawing: The Karen B. Cohen Collection of Eugène Delacroix, 2018 exhibition overview. English. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
  107. New York Public Library, Print Collection: Print Glossary, definitions of impression, state, edition and processes. English. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
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  111. Eugène Delacroix / Philippe Burty, editor, Lettres (1815–1863), Paris: A. Quantin, 1878, pp. 120–121; the published extract of 25 January 1832 and opening of 8 February. French. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
  112. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, A Wall Decorated in Spanish Tiles, 1832, 2013.1135.16; collection record. English. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
  113. National Gallery of Art, Washington, Mephistopheles in the Air, 1828, 1994.60.13; first state of five. English. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
  114. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Hamlet Sees the Ghost of His Father on the Terrace, 1843, 22.56.7; first state of five. English. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
  115. Eugène Delacroix / Paul Flat and René Piot, editors, Journal, 22 June 1863; Paris: Plon, 1893, volume III, page 438. French. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
  116. Musée du Louvre, Apollo Slays Python, 1850–51; INV 3818. Collection record. French. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
  117. Sotheby’s, A Turkish Man on a Grey Horse, catalogued under Eugène Delacroix; sale N07716, 2001, lot 20. English. Accessed 28 October 2026. View source.
  118. Splash image, The Italian Theatre, 13 August 1821, lithograph. The Metropolitan Museum of Art; 2004.198. Printed by Charles Motte. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Open Access. Image source. CC0 / Public domain. Whole supplied primary image retained, including documentary/support edges; no appearance editing.